applications

Question 1

clausewitz (3 dominating tendencies)

Answer 1

1. passion
2. chance
3. reason

Question 2

limited war

Answer 2

fought for something lesser than political existence - territory disputes, access to markets.
an invasion is never planned

Question 3

total war

Answer 3

when a political entity is fighting for its existence

Question 4

which countries have nuclear weapons? (9)

Answer 4

1. US
2. UK
3. France
4. China
5. Russia
6. India
7. Pakistan
8. DPRK
9. Israel

Question 5

2 main issues for defining nuclear weapons’ proliferation

Answer 5

1. nuclear opacity: a policy pursued by Israel who has not signed the NPT, but has never made a nuclear test or confirmed it.
2. latent nuclear capacity: a country that possesses the infrastructure and tech capabilities to assemble a nuclear weapon but has never done so

Question 6

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)

Answer 6

established under UN to share scientific info related to nuclear energy

Question 7

diversionary war

Answer 7

leaders who are threatened by domestic turmoil may initiate an international conflict in order to improve their standing - Falklands

Question 8

causes of war- realism

Answer 8

anarchy, suspicion, self-help, power balancing

- power transition (rising challengers v.s declining great powers)

Question 9

causes of war liberalism and constructivism

Answer 9

collective enforcement of accepted norms

- HR promotion, r2p, democratization

Question 10

causes of war- state and society

Answer 10

• diversionary war

- scapegoating and internal cohesion (rally around the flag)

Question 11

causes of war- marxism/leninism

Answer 11

capitalist, liberal modes of production leads to economic competition
- pressure by elites for imperialist expansion, access to raw materials

Question 12

absence of war- liberal argument

Answer 12

democratic peace theory- democracies attempt to reduce conflict
capitalist peace theory- trade and interdependence reduce incentives for conflicts
mcdonalds peace theory:

Question 13

war by other means: not petya

Answer 13

ukraine reffered as “ a massive coordinated cyber invasion”

Question 14

problems with confounding the geography of cyberwarfare

Answer 14

distance is no defense

network entanglements which have unified teh world are also weaknesses- what’s state/nonstate

Question 15

digital geneva convention propopsal

Answer 15

to create a set of international norms to protect cyberspace, they can try to assign blame in these attacks
- if they detect a threat, they can’t retaliate

Question 16

categories of NSAs (6)

Answer 16

1. ingo’s
2. violent nsa’s
3. private economic actors- mnc’s
4. ethnic/religious actors- diasporas, refugees
5. civil society: transnational social movements
6. pseudo/defacto/quasi states (northern cyprus, nagorno karabkah)

Question 17

do nsa’s matter according to realism?

Answer 17

no, except when they have aspirations to be a state, or derive their pwo

Question 18

do nsa’s matter according to liberalism?

Answer 18

mainly no, io’s act as key actors and facilitate collective action, and also ngo’s

Question 19

do nsa’s matter according to constructivism?

Answer 19

bringing up new ideas and norms (norm entrepreneurs), ideological movement

Question 20

do nsa’s matter according to marxism?

Answer 20

mainly no, dominant transnational economic interests control the agenda

Question 21

do nsa’s matter according to critical theories?

Answer 21

this distinction is problematic, mind the stateless within, outside, and beyond the state