Applied & Environmental Microbio

Question 1

What are the 6 symptoms of foodborne illnesses?

Answer 1

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, fatigue, and muscle cramps

Question 2

What are the 2 categories of food poisoning?

Answer 2

food infections & intoxications

Question 3

Define food infection

Answer 3

Consumption of living microorganisms

Question 4

Define food intoxication

Answer 4

Consumption of microbial toxins NOT the microbe

Question 5

1 out of every ….. get sick from foodborne illness in the US every year?

Answer 5

6

Question 6

What are the top 2 sources of foodborne illnesses?

Answer 6

Food service industry (38%) 
Home preparation (25%)

• comes from fecal matter and raw meat

Question 7

What is the MC foodborne cause of diarrhea?

Answer 7

campylobacter jejuni

Question 8

What 2 foodborne pathogens can grow at refrigerator temperature?

Answer 8

Listeria monocytogenes

Yersinia Enterocolitica

Question 9

What is the 2nd MC cause of foodborne Illness?

Answer 9

Salmonella

Question 10

What is the 3rd MC cause of foodborne illness?

Answer 10

Shigella

Question 11

Waterborne diseases rare in the United States? T/F?

Answer 11

True

Question 12

What is the #1 MC cause of foodborne illness?

Answer 12

Norovirus

Question 13

What are the 5 bacteria that can be considered foodborne and/or waterborne?

Answer 13

campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella, shigella, e. coli, and norovirus

Question 14

Presence of coliforms indicates what?

Answer 14

fecal contamination

Question 15

T/F potable water is considered safe to drink?

Answer 15

T

Question 16

what bacteria are a commonly used indicator of sanitary quality of foods and water?

Answer 16

coliform bacteria

Question 17

what are the four stages of treatment of drinking water

Answer 17

1) coagulation and flocculation
2) sedimentation
3) filtration
4) disinfection

Question 18

what is added to water in the treatment process to create flocs?

Answer 18

Alum

Question 19

what are the 3 possible methods of FILTRATION?

Answer 19

sand filtration
activated charcoal
membrane filtration

Question 20

what are the 3 possible methods of DISINFECTION?

Answer 20

chlorine, ozone, UV light

Question 21

For traditional wastewater treatment, what percentage of BOD is removed during PRIMARY treatment (sedimentation)?

Answer 21

25-35% BOD

Question 22

For traditional wastewater treatment, what percentage of BOD is removed during SECONDARY treatment?

Answer 22

75-95% BOD

Question 23

what are the four stages of traditional wastewater treatment?

Answer 23

1) primary (sedimentation)
2) secondary
3) chemical treatment
4) Sludge treatment

Question 24

what is defined as using biological organisms to solve an environmental problem such as contaminated soil or groundwater?

Answer 24

bioremediation

Question 25

What uses microbes or their toxins to terrorize human populations? By destroying the food supply?

Answer 25

bioterrorism, agroterrorism

Question 26

what are the criteria for assessing biological threats to humans?

Answer 26

1) public health impact 2) delivery potential 3) public perception 4) public health preparedness

Question 27

what is the ability of hospitals to handle the casualties?

Answer 27

public health impact

Question 28

what is how easily an agent can be introduced into the population?

Answer 28

delivery potential

Question 29

what is the effect of public fear on ability to control an outbreak?

Answer 29

public perception

Question 30

what defines existing response measures?

Answer 30

public health preparedness

Question 31

what are the bioterrorist threats to humans in order of concern?

Answer 31

``` smallpox anthrax plague botulism tularemia (can affect a lot of people very easily) viral hemorrhagic fevers (ebola) ```

Question 32

how many biosafety levels are there?

Answer 32

4

Question 33

what biosafety level deals with handling of pathogens that do not cause disease in HEALTHY humans?

Answer 33

Biosafety Level (BSL) 1

Question 34

what biosafety level is deals with handling of MODERATELY HAZARDOUS agents?

Answer 34

BSL 2

Question 35

what biosafety level deals with handling of microbes in a safety cabinet and may cause serious or potentially lethal disease after INHALATION?

Answer 35

BSL 3

Question 36

what biosafety level deals with handling of microbes that cause severe or fatal disease?

Answer 36

BSL 4