Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A Level Maths Pure > Applied Maths > Flashcards

Applied Maths Flashcards

1
Q

A population is

A

The whole set of items that are of interest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A sample is

A

Some subset of the population intended to represent the population.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Sampling unit

A

Each individual thing in the population that can be sampled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Sampling frame

A

Often sampling units of a population are individually named or numbered to form a list

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Census

A

Data collected from the entire population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Census pros and cons

A

Should give you a completely accurate result
Time consuming and expensive
Cannot be used when testing involves destruction
Large volume of data to process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Sample pros and cons

A

Cheaper, quicker, less data to process

Data may not be accurate
Data may not be large enough to represent small sub-groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Random sampling

A

Each sampling unit in our sampling frame has an equal chance of being selected (avoids bias)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How to carry out random sampling

A

In sampling frame each item is assigned a number. Use random number generator or lottery sampling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Random sampling Pros and cons

A

Bias free, easy and cheap to implement, each number has a known equal chance of being selected

Not suitable when population size is large, sampling frame needed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Systematic sampling

A

Required elements are chosen at regular intervals in ordered list

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How to carry out systematic sampling

A

Take every kth element where: k=population size/ sample size starting at random item between 1 and k

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Systematic sampling Pros and cons

A

Simple and quick to use, suitable for large samples and populations

Sampling frame required
Can introduce bias if sampling frame not ramdom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Stratified sampling

A

Population divided into groups (strata) and a simple random sample carried out in each group.

Used when sample is large and population naturally divides into groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How to carry out stratified sampling

A

Same proportion (sample size/ population size) sampled from each strata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Stratified sampling Pros and cons

A

Reflects population structure, guarantees proportional representation of groups within population

Population must be clearly classified into distinct strata, selection within each strata suffers from same disadvantages as simple random sampling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Quota sampling

A

Population divided into groups according to characteristic. A quota of times/ people in each group is set out to try and reflect the group’s proportion in the whole population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How to carry out quota sampling

A

Interviewer selects the actual sampling units

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Quota sampling Pros and cons

A

Allows small sample to still be representative of population
No sampling frame required
Quick easy inexpensive
Allows for quick and easy comparison between different groups in population

Non random sampling can introduce bias
Population must be divided into groups, could be costly and Inaccurate
Increasing scope of study increases number of groups, adding time) expensive
Non-responses are not recorded

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Model assumptions (light)

A

It’s mass is very small (regarded as zero), such as a string or pulley, tension is the same at both ends of a light string

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Modelled assumption (particle)

A

Dimensions of the object are negligible. It’s mass is concentrated at a single point. Air resistance and rotational forces can be ignored.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Modelling assumptions (inextensible)

A

Does not stretch under a load. Acceleration in constant in objects connected by a taut inextensible string

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Uniform acceleration

A

Constant acceleration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Retardation

A

Deceleration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

If there’s no air resistance for a falling object it’s acceleration is..

A

Constant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

When is the max height of a particle reached

A

When v=0

27
Q

The speed of a projectile is another name for the objects…

A

Initial speed

28
Q

Opportunistic sampling method

A

Sample taken from the people who are available at time of study, who meet criteria

29
Q

Opportunistic sampling pros and cons

A

Easy to carry out, inexpensive

Unlikely to present a representative sample,
Highly dependent on individual researcher

30
Q

Types of data

A

Qualitative (non-numerical values)
Quantitative (numerical values), discrete (can only take specific values, shoe size), continuous (can take any decimal value).

31
Q

List the 5 locations in UK (starting from south up)

A

Cambourne
Hearn
Heathrow
Leeming
Leuchars

32
Q

Coastal areas are more likely to be…

A

Rainy and windy

33
Q

The area lower down (southern) tend to be…

A

Warmer and have high levels of sunlight

34
Q

International stations (3)

A

Perth, Australia (really hot in summer)
Beijing, China (extreme weathers due to season)
Jacksonville, Florida (prone to hurricanes, 2 hurricanes Oct 87 Oct 15, warm for most of year)

35
Q

Rainfall, tr

A

Means trace, treat this as 0.025 in calculations

36
Q

N/A

A

Means reading is not available, so can’t use in a sample

37
Q

Cloud cover

A

Measured in oktas, discrete value integers 0-8

38
Q

Max gust

A

Measured in knots
1kn=1.15mph
Great storm Oct 15th/16th 1987 in Uk

39
Q

For grouped data do you round

A

Don’t round

40
Q

What’s advantage of IQR

A

Ignores extreme values

41
Q

Equation for variance

A

Mean of the squares minus square if the means

42
Q

For coding if y=ax + b
What’s the mean for of y and its standard deviation

A

Mean: a(mean x)+b
Standard deviation: a(mean x)

43
Q

When should you use a histogram

A

If the data is continuous
No gaps

44
Q

What’s frequency density equal to

A

Freq/ class width

45
Q

Area of a histogram

A

Freq x k

46
Q

What do u compare when asked for comparisons of data

A

Location
Spread
Put them into context

47
Q

What’s a regression line

A

The line of best fit

48
Q

What’s interpolation

A

Estimating inside the data range
More reliable

49
Q

What’s Extrapolation

A

Estimating outside the data range
Not reliable

50
Q

What does it mean if A and B are mutually exclusive

A

Probability A and B =0 (can’t happen at the same time)

Probability A or B= P(A) + P(B)

51
Q

What does it mean if A and B are independent

A

Probability A and B = P(A)xP(B)
P(A/B)=P(A)
Can’t tell from Venn diagram if they’re are independent

52
Q

What is the discrete uniform distribution

A

Probabilities of outcomes all equal
P

53
Q

When can you use a binomial distribution (4), FFIT

A

F ixed number of trials
F ixed probability of success (p)
I ndependent trials
T wo outcomes, success/ failure

54
Q

Null Hypothesis

A

Ho, what we assume to be true

55
Q

Alternative hypothesis

A

H1, what would be true if Ho is incorrect

56
Q

One tailed Tests

A

When H1, p less than k, p greater than k

57
Q

Two tailed testing

A

When H1, p is not equal to k
(Halve the value of the significance level, for each end).

58
Q

For variable acceleration what do we do

A

Differentiate or integrate

59
Q

What’s the acceleration for the Horizontal motion in projectiles

A

0

60
Q

What’s the acceleration for the vertical component in projectiles

A

-g

61
Q

How is the horizontal and vertical assets of projectiles linked

A

By time (the same)

62
Q

Modelling assumptions, smooth pulley

A

Tension on either side of pulley is equal, no friction

63
Q

Modelling assumptions, Rod

A

Rigid so it doesn’t bend, it has no thickness

64
Q

Which direction does tension act
Which direction does thrust act

A

Tension: inwards
Thrust: away from each other (the arrows)

A Level Maths Pure (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions