APPLYING NEUTRALIZATION TITRATIONS Flashcards
(14 cards)
The substances that produce the most remarkable or pronounced change in the pH of the titration mixture at the equivalence point are
strong acids and strong bases
strong acids and strong bases
HCl
How can we determine the accurate concentration of these solutions?
Standardization of Solutions
are basic and are used for the standardization of acid titrant solutions
primary standards
Most Common Titrant Solution
NaOH
Can be dried at 100-103C
The end point is in the pH
range (4.5-5)
Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane
TRIS or THAM or
H2NC(CH2OH)3
Dissolved in a large excess
of I− or Br− releasing 2 moles
of OH- per mole HgO
Mercuric Oxide, HgO
Acts as a diequivalent base
Titrated with methyl red or
methyl orange
Sodium Tetraborate Decahydrate
or Borax, Na2B4O7·10H2O
End point of pH 4-5 when
boiled to remove CO2 or pH
3.1 - 4 when CO2 is present
Sodium Carbonate, Na2CO3
Since these bases namely are not available in primary standard grade or purity, then, accurate concentration of solutions prepared from these bases are determined by standardization
NaOH, KOH, Ba(OH)2
Titrimetric Methods
DIRECT TITRATION METHOD
INDIRECT TITRATION METHOD
BACK-TITRATION METHOD
The reactants involved in the titration reaction are primarily the analyte, A, and the titrant, T
Direct Titration
Titration Reaction:
aA + tT → pP