Intro to AnaChem

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is a measurement science consisting of a set of powerful ideas and methods that are useful in all fields of science and medicine

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Analytical chemistry

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is concerned with the theory and application of methods used to determine the composition of matter.

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ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

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deals with the determination of the composition of the sample and all other transformations involved in the analytical process.

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ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

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Role of Analytical Chemistry

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interdisciplinarymnature of chemical analysis vital tool in industry, medicine and various scientific fields

interdisciplinary nature of chemical analysis vital tool in industry, medicine and various scientific fields

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A chemist is often referred to as the

performs an analysis on a sample

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ANALYST

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TEST or EXAMINATION performed or conducted on a sample

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analysis or assay

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An analysis or assay is a TEST or EXAMINATION performed or conducted on a sample in order to

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investigate its characteristics,

identify its components or

determine the absence, presence or the quantity of a particular substance

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is a form of matter whose composition is unknown or needs to be verified

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sample

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is a mixture that contains the analyte and impurities

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sample

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Mass (g) sample formula

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mass (g) analyte + mass (g) impurities

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the desired substance that an analyst is looking for
component of a sample that is to be determined
is defined by a chemical formula

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Analyte

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ANALYTE

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chemical species
chemical constituent
substance of interest (SOI)
compound of interest (COI)

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An analysis is conducted on a sample in order to

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relate the chemical composition to physical properties

determine the quality of manufactured products for routine analyses (screening, surveillance or monitoring of products) and process control

support legislation such as safety, health and environmental laws or to act as reference for regulatory purposes

support processes of law like forensic science

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dentification of substances (elements or compounds) that are present in a sample.

reveals the identity of the elements and compounds present in a sample

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Qualitative Analysis

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is concerned with the determination of the relative concentration or the amount of the analyte present in the sample

indicates the amount of each substance (elements and/or compounds ) in a sample

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Quantitative Analysis

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The various kinds of analytical methods are classified according to the

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nature of the final measurement

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Classifying Quantitative Analytical Methods

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Measurement of the mass or the volume of sample to be analyzed

Measurement of some quantity that is proportional to the amount of analyte in the sample

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QUANTITATIVE ANALYTICAL METHODS
Classical Methods

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Gravimetric Method
Volumetric Method or Titrimetric Method

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QUANTITATIVE ANALYTICAL METHODS
Instrumental Methods

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Spectroscopic Methods
Chromatographic Methods
Electroanalytical Methods

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QUANTITATIVE ANALYTICAL METHODS

determine the mass of the analyte or some compound chemically related to it.

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Gravimetric methods

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QUANTITATIVE ANALYTICAL METHODS

determines the volume of a solution containing the sufficient reagent needed to react completely with the analyte.

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Volumetric method or Titrimetric method

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QUANTITATIVE ANALYTICAL METHODS

involve the measurement of such electrical properties as:
VOLTAMMETRY
AMPEROMETRY
COULOMETRY

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Electroanalytical methods

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QUANTITATIVE ANALYTICAL METHODS
are based on measurement of the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and analyte

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Spectroscopic methods

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Spectroscopic methods

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ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY
INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY
NMR SPECTROSCOPY
X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY

Question 25

Relative Contribution of the Analyte to the Overall Sample give the percentage of the following: major minor trace ultratrace

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major > 1% minor 0.01 to 1% trace < 0.01% or 1 ppb to 100 ppm ultratrace < 1 ppb

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Sample Size give the limit of the following sample size descriptions

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macro > 0.1 g ,Greater than 100 mg semimicro 0.01 to 0.1 g, 10 to 100 mg micro 0.0001 to 0.01 g, 1 to 10 mg ultramicro less than 0.0001 g ,0.1 mg

Question 27

Extent Of Analysis Performed Measure the amount of all constituents present in the sample

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Complete or ultimate

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Extent Of Analysis Performed Measure the amount of selected constituents

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Partial or proximate

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of a food sample involves the determination of total protein, fat, ash, carbohydrate, and moisture.

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Proximate analysis

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values of Proximate analysis are reported in terms of

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% TOTAL PROTEIN % FAT %ASH % CARBOHYDRATE % MOISTURE

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The analytical method depends on

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AVAILABLE QUANTITY SIGNAL OR PROPERTY TO BE MEASURED RELATIVE DISTRIBUTION OF ANALYTE