Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

VMS4001 SEM 2 > Approach to the small animal Abdomen > Flashcards

Approach to the small animal Abdomen Flashcards

(45 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Indications for Diagnostic / prognostic ExLap?

A
  • Sampling to
    get/confirm diagnosis
  • Culture
  • Histopathology
  • Cytology
  • Visual inspection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What Therapeutic indications for ex lap?

A
  • Haemoabdomen
  • Peritonitis
  • Mass removal
  • Obstruction/Torsion
  • Trauma/Hernia
  • Calculi
  • Congenital
    (shunt/ectopic ureter)
  • Enteral/cystostomy
    tube placement
  • Dystocia/Pyometra
  • Sub total colectomy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Indications for preventative Exlap?

A

Neutering *
Gastropexy
(plication)
Colopexy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Intestinal Plication?

A
  • Previously performed to prevent recurrence intussusception
  • No longer advised
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Advantages of Open celiotomy?

A
  • Direct visual and tactile inspection
  • Good sample collection
  • Potential to perform therapeutic procedure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Disadvantages of Open coeliotomy?

A
  • Invasive
  • Costs?
  • Risk
  • GA, pain/morbidity
  • Time consuming?
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What diagnostics to determine wether surgery indicated ?

A

➢ Radiography +/- contrast
➢ Get help with interpretation
➢ Serial rads-care with Barium
➢ Risks with aspiration pneumonia/abdominal spills
➢ Ultrasound
➢ Endoscopy
➢ Minimally invasive biopsy techniques
➢ CT/MRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How else do we avoid unecessary surgery?

A
  • Localise to abdomen-care with spinal pain
  • Too unstable to survive GA/procedure
  • Total costs (diagnostics and ex lap vs straight to ex lap)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How do we prep owner

A

» Emotive, costly, outcomes unknown, last resort
»Good communication and informed consent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Pre-op stabilisation of Chronic conditions?

A
  • Co-morbidities
  • Clotting
  • CVS
  • Correct electrolytes
  • Correct dehydration
  • Parenteral nutrition
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pre-op stabilisation of Acute conditions?

A
  • Intravenous fluid
  • Hypovolaemic
  • Dehydrated
  • Correct electrolytes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What might we find (be prepared for) ?

A
  • Intestinal mass
    Biopsy
    Enterectomy/anastomosis
  • Foreign body obstruction
    Enterotomy/enterectomy
  • Intussusception
  • Splenic mass
  • Liver mass
  • Disseminated neoplasia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What do u need ?

A
  • Abdominalretractors
  • Suction/lavage
  • Multiple haemostats – curved, long
    handled
  • Extra swabs
    exposure with Gosset & Balfour
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

List halstead principles

A
  1. Gentle tissue handling
  2. Meticulous haemostasis
  3. Preservation of blood supply
  4. Strict aseptic technique
  5. Tension free closure
  6. Accurate apposition of tissues
  7. Eliminate dead space
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does patient prep involve for ex lap?

A
  • Dorsal recumbency
  • WIDE CLIP & PREP – be prepared
  • 4 corner draping
  • Retract prepuce/catheterise
  • Large surgical incision
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe how to make incision

ex lap

A

➢ Xiphoid to pubis
➢ Extend incision parapreputial in male dog
* Sever preputial muscle
* Ligate branches of epigastric vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How do we start our ex lap?

A
  • Swab count
  • Ventral midline skin incisions
    -> Sharp -slide cut on smooth
    -> Sharply dissect SC tissues & expose LA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Part 2 of Exlap?

A
  • Tent linea alba with forceps
  • Stab incision with scalpel
  • Reverse blade
    ➢ Beware bladder, engorged stomach/intestines/uterus,
    spleen, mass
    ➢ Check for adhesions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Step 3?

Study These Flashcards
A

*Carefully extend incision along linea with scissors or
blade
➢ Tent with fingers/forceps
➢ Reverse/backhand cut with scissors
➢ Avoid rectus abdominis muscle
➢ Long incision

20
Q

Step 4 ?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Remove falciform fat
  • Abdo retractors
  • Moistened laparotomy laparotomy swabs
21
Q

Describe the systematic approach of abdo exploration

Study These Flashcards
A

➢ Cranial → caudal vs quadrants
➢ Texture/appearance/location
➢ Abdominal fluid
➢ Gut motility
➢ Presence and appearance/size of Lymph tissues

22
Q

General things to rememebr when exploring abdo?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Gentle tissue handling – gloved fingers, moistened swabs, stay sutures
  • Avoid tissue desiccation – moistened swabs/saline flush
  • NOTE: If trauma/haemorrhage/leakage of GIT contents or dystocia – identify and treat first
23
Q

What should you inspect in cranial quadrant

Study These Flashcards
A

➢ Liver – all lobes
➢ Gallbladder (between right medial and quadrate
lobes)
➢ Can express gall bladder to make a judgement
on duct patency
➢ Diaphragm
➢ Spleen and stomach
➢ Duodenum and pancreas (right and left limb)
➢ Kidneys and adrenals
➢ Ovaries and uterus

24
Q

What to inspect in Caudal quadrant?

Study These Flashcards
A

➢ Jejunum, ileum and colon
➢ Lymph nodes
➢ Urinary bladder
➢ Prostate
➢Uterinebody

25
What to inspect in Right quadrant?
* Duodenal manoeuvre ➢ right kidney ➢ adrenal gland ➢ ovary ➢ ureter
26
How to inspect left quadrant?
* Colon manoeuvre ➢ left paravertebral fossa
27
What should we do to examine the GIT
*Exteriorise and ‘run through’ *Examine omentum and mesentry »Keep organs moist with swabs and flush
28
What to look for in Duodeno-Colic Ligament?
* Often can inspect the colic lymph nodes here * Common site of obstruction * Need to break down the ligament to resect this piece of intestine
29
What to do if nothing is found on ex lap?
SAMPLE!
30
What to sample?
biopsy -> LN, lymph, Cytology /impression smears -> gallbladder, urine, abdo fluid Histopath and cyto - Bact C/S -> Tissues & fluids
31
How do we Biopsy
- Isolate area of interest & pack with swabs - Stay sutures for gut - Close appropriately - Use appropriate suture M - Prep samples appropriately (EDTA, formalin..) - LABEL
32
What to remember at wound closure?
COUNT SWABS! - Copious lavage - Change instrument and gloves if entered a contaminated viscous
33
How many closure layers?
3
34
How to close linea alba?
➢Incorporate rectus abdominis muscle sheath ➢Wide bites 0.5-1 cm ➢0.5-1 cm apart ➢Avoid subcut tissues ➢Simple continuous or interrupted ➢Synthetic absorbable
35
N° of throws?
» For interrupted * Minimum of 3 throw for multifilament * Minimum of 4 throws for monofilament » Continuous * One throw added to start * Two throws added to end
36
Closure fo SC layer?
➢Obliterate dead space and appose skin edges ➢Simple continuous ➢Synthetic absorbable ➢Male dog suture preputial muscle ➢High risk seroma male dog
37
Skin closure ?
➢Do not overtighten ➢Intradermal, simple interrupted, ford interlocking, staples
38
Top tips for 3 layer closure
39
POST OP CARE?
* Analgesia * Antibiosis if indicated * Turning if non ambulatory * Care of catheters, drains, feeding tubes * Continued monitoring of hydration and fluid replacement/maintenance * Serial monitoring and exam * Dependent upon procedures performed
40
Complications of laparotomy?
* Seroma formation * Wound breakdown/dehiscence→herniation * Avoid with good technique and proper post operative rest * Infection * Suture reaction * Adhesions * Iatrogenic peritoneal fb ➢ COUNT YOUR SWABS
41
Describe PERITONITIS as complication of laparotomy?
* Caused by abdominal sx (rupture/necrosis of organ, FB penetration, GDV) * Mortality 50-70% * Clinical signs * anorexia/depression, V+/D+, fluid dripping form surgical incison, abdo pain, progresses to shock * Diagnostics * bloods – generalised dehydration and infection * HCT and TP, hypoproteinaemic, hypoglycaemic * Abdominocentesis and cytology * Treatment * antibiotics,supportive care, peritoneal lavage
42
Give advantages of LaparoSCOPY
* Minimally invasive * Good visual inspection * Good biopsy samples from most organs * Potential to perform some therapeutic procedures
43
Give Disadvantages of LaparosCOPY
* Limited tactile inspection * Unable to perform some procedures * Specialists equipment and training * Costs * Time consuming?
44
Laparoscopy uses?
* Ovariectomy (ovariohysterectomy) * Biopsy * Liver * Cholecystectomy * Lap- assisted gastropexy * Lap- assisted cyrptorchid castration * Lap- assisted cystotomy? * Detection of small lesions/assessment of disease
45
Laparoscopy technique?
» Wide clip and prep » Abdomen inflated with CO2 using veress needle (blind) » Trocar/cannula inserted for scope (blind)

VMS4001 SEM 2 (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions