Approaches

Question 1

What is introspection

Answer 1

Systematic experimental attempt to stufy the mind by breaking up conscious awareness into basic structures of thoughts,images and sensations

Question 2

Who is Wundt

Answer 2

‘Father of psychology’ set up first laboratory in germany.
-involves looking into their own mental and emotionall states to gain knowledge about themselves

Question 3

Emergence of psychology as a science

Answer 3

Watson proposed that truly scientific psychology could be observed and measured

Question 4

Who is sigmud freud

Answer 4

Founder of psychodynamic approach,argued that behaviour is due to factors of the mind

Question 5

What is the unconscious mind

Answer 5

Mental activity we know about

Question 6

What is the preconscious mind

Answer 6

Memories we could be aware of if we tried

Question 7

What is the unconscious mind

Answer 7

Memories we are unaware of

Question 8

What 4 things is the unconscious mind shown through in out behaviour

Answer 8

•freudian slips
•creativity
•neurotic symptoms
•dreams

Question 9

3 parts of the structure of personality

Answer 9

•ID
•Ego
•Superego

Question 10

What is the ID

Answer 10

Primitive part of our personality that operates on the pleasure principle and gets what it wants

Question 11

What is the Ego

Answer 11

It operates on the reality principle and is the mediator between ID and Superego

Question 12

What is the superego

Answer 12

Our internalised sense of right and wrong which operates on the morality principle

Question 13

3 defence mechanisms

Answer 13

•repression
•denial
•displacement

Question 14

Oedipus complex

Answer 14

Little boys develop incestuous feelings towards their mother and a murderous hatred for their mothers rival in love

Question 15

Electra complex

Answer 15

Girls desire their father as the penis is the primary love object and they hate their mother

Question 16

Psychosexual stages

Answer 16

•oral
•anal
•phallic
•latency
•genital

Question 17

Freuds basic assumptions

Answer 17

•the unconscious mind
•instincts are thought to motivate behaviour
•early childhood experiences are importnant in making us who we are

Question 18

What is skinners box

Answer 18

Chamber used to record animal behaviour in specific time frames

Question 19

What is pavlovs classical conditioning

Answer 19

Dogs can be conditioned to salivate to the sound of the bell

Question 20

What is reinforcement

Answer 20

Consequence of behaviour that increases the likelihood of that behaviour being repeated

Question 21

Behaviourist assumptions

Answer 21

1) All behaviour is learned from experience
2) study behaviour that can be observed and
measured.
3) Uses lab experiments,gain more control and objectivity
4)humans can be replaced by animals for testing purposes.

Question 22

Classical conditioning process

Answer 22

UCS➡️UCR
NS+UCS➡️CS
CR➡️CR

Question 23

Positive reinforcement

Answer 23

Recieving a reward

Question 24

Negative reinforcement

Answer 24

Avoidance of unpleasant stimulus viewed as punishment

Question 25

Social learning theory(SLT)

Answer 25

1) Behaviour is learned from the environment 2) Behaviour can be learnt directly through classical and operant conditioning 3) Behaviour can also be learnt indirectly through observing others

Question 26

Vicarious reinforcement

Answer 26

not experienced directly by the individual themselves, but occurs through someone else being reinforced/punished for a behaviour

Question 27

Internal Mediational Process

Answer 27

1.attention 2.retention 3.reproduction 4.motivation

Question 28

Cognitive approach assumptions

Answer 28

•The mind actively processes information •internal mental processes can, and should be, studied scientifically. • Mediational processes occur between stimulus and response •Humans are information processors and therefore resemble computers

Question 29

What is a schema

Answer 29

•shortcuts when interpreting large amounts of information. •prevent us from becoming overwhelmed

Question 30

What is cognitive neuroscience

Answer 30

scientific study of the influence of brain structures (neuro) on mental processes (cognition).

Question 31

Biological approach assumptions

Answer 31

• Everything psychological is at first biological • The mind lives in the brain •views the brain and mind as separate.