Approaches Flashcards
(17 cards)
When and where was Wilheim Wundts lab opened?
1879, Leipzig, Germany.
What were the three categories Wundt used in his study to describe participants observations of stimuli?
Thoughts, images and sensations.
What is structuralism?
The way that Wundt isolated the structure of consciousness.
What is positive reinforcement?
When behaviour is rewarded, increasing the likelihood of it happening.
What is negative reinforcement?
Avoiding something unpleasant which increases the likelihood of a behaviour occurring.
What is punishment?
An unpleasant consequence that reduces the likelihood of a certain behaviour occurring.
What is vicarious reinforcement?
The idea that behaviour must be seen as rewarding if it is to be imitated. As the learner understands the consequences of such behaviour.
What are the four mediational processes put forward by Bandura?
Attention, retention, motor reproduction and motivation.
What is attention as a mediational process?
The extent to which we actually notice certain behaviours.
What is retention as a mediational process?
The extent to which we actually remember certain information.
What is motor reproduction as a mediational process?
The ability of an observer to replicate a given behaviour.
What is motivation as a mediational process?
The actual will of the observer to do the behaviour, often based on vicarious reinforcement.
What are mediational factors?
Cognitive factors that intervene with whether a behaviour should be replicated or not.
What is the process of imitating a role model called?
Modelling.
What is reciprocal determinism?
The idea that we are influenced by our environment, but also have an effect on it ourselves.
What are the assumptions of the cognitive approach?
Internal mental processes can be studied scientifically.
Private processes that can’t be observed so are studied with INFERENCES.
What is a schema?
A package of ideas and information that are developed through experience.
