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Approaches to Psychology Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

What are a behaviourist’s view on development?

A
  • Behaviour is learnt

- Learning processes continue at any age

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2
Q

What are a Social Learning Theorist’s views on development?

A

Behaviour is learnt through observation and imitation

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3
Q

What is the cognitive approaches view on development?

A

It originates inside the person through stage development

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4
Q

What is the biological approach’s view on development?

A

Behaviour determined by biological maturation / cognitive development

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5
Q

What is the Psychodynamic approach’s view on development?

A

Behaviour influenced by early experiences, develops in age-related stages

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6
Q

What is the Humanistic approach’s view on development?

A

Development of behaviour is on going through life

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7
Q

Limitations of Behaviourism

A

Deterministic, cannot explain why therapy or drugs work. Ignores biology

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8
Q

Limitations of Social Learning Theory

A

Suggest reciprocal determinism, ignores biology

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9
Q

Limitations of the Cognitive Approach

A

Blames individuals, cannot explain why drugs work. Ignores genetic/ social factors

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10
Q

Limitations of the Biological approach

A

Deterministic, reductions, cannot explain why therapy and conditioning is effective

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11
Q

Limitations of the Psychodynamic approach

A

Deterministic, cannot explain why drugs work, not based on scientific evidence, ignores biology

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12
Q

Limitations of the Humanistic approach

A

Self-orientated, puts pressure on individual, culturally biased, not based on scientific evidence, ignores biology

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13
Q

Strengths of Behaviourist approach

A

Doesn’t balme individual, offers effective treatment, based on scientific evidence

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14
Q

Strengths of Social Learning Theory

A

Acknowledges importance of cognitive factors

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15
Q

Cognitive Approach Strengths

A

Effective treatment, based on scientific evidence, neurocognitive science

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16
Q

Strengths of the Biological approach

A

Doesn’t blame individual, scientific, offered effective drug therapy

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17
Q

Strengths of psychodynamic Approach

A

Doesn’t blame individual, scientific, offered effective talking therapy

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18
Q

Strengths of humanistic approach

A

offered effective person-centred therapy, promotes free will

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19
Q

Behaviourist approach to Nature/nurture

A

Extreme focus on nurture, we are born blank slates, nothing is inherited

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20
Q

Social Learning theory approach to nature/nurture

A

Focus on nurture behaviour = learned from role models, but cognitive processes take part

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21
Q

Cognitive approach to nature/nurture

A

accepts both influences, many cognitive processes are innate, but are shaped by environment

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22
Q

Biological approach to nature/nurture

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A

Anatomy is destiny. focus on nature but some acknowledgment of nurture (phenotype)

23
Q

Psychodynamic approach to nature/nurture

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A

Behaviour driven by biological drives but parental influence very important, supports both sides of the debate

24
Q

Humanist approach nature/nurture

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A

Humanists don’t believe in this debate at it makes generalisations about humans, some focus on nature, parents and society’s influence but also interactionist approach

25
Behaviourist approach to Reductionism / Holism
Behaviour reduced to stimulus - response, experimental reductionism
26
Social Learning Theory Approach to Reductionism / Holism
Behaviour reduced to observation - imitation but recognises how cognitive factors interact with environment
27
Cognitive approach to Reductionism / Holism
Machine reductionism, information processing analogy, ignores human emotions
28
Biological approach to Reductionism / Holism
Biological reductionism, genes, neurons, hormones
29
Psychodynamic approach to Reductionism / Holism
Behaviour reduced to influence of innate biological drives but acknowledges holistic interaction
30
Humanistic approach to Reductionism / Holism
Anti-reductionist, based on holistic investigations
31
Behaviourist approach to Determinism / Free will
Behaviour environmentally determined by external factors and reinforcement
32
Social Learning Theory Approach to Determinism / Free Will
We are influenced by environment through reciprocal determinism, we have some influence over who we imitate
33
Cognitive approach to determinism / Free will
Soft determinism, we choose our behaviour but within limits of what we know, how we process information is determined by schemas
34
Biological approach to Determinism / Free will
Strongly deterministic, genetic/biological determinism, behaviour influenced by innate factors outside our control
35
Psychodynamic approach to Determinism/Free will
Psychic determinism, unconscious forces drive us, we have no control, seen as strongly deterministic
36
Humanistic approach to Determinism/Free will
Humans have free will and are active agents in determining behaviour, the only approach advocating full free will
37
Behaviourist approach to Idiographic / Nomothetic
Nomothetic approach, seeks to establish laws, we all share same process for learning which can be generalised
38
Social Learning Theory approach to Idiographic / Nomothetic
Same as learning approach, but with more focus on individual differences in meditational processes
39
Cognitive approach to Idiographic / Nomothetic
Nomothetic approach focuses on studying processes of groups of people, compares humans to computers, recognises individual difference in thought, but can be generalised as well
40
Biological approach to Ideographic / Nomothetic
Nomothetic approach, we share common psychology, differences in psychology explain individual differences in behaviour, case studies used to test general theories
41
Psychodynamic approach to Ideographic / Nomothetic
More ideographic in focus is on unique childhood of each person, uses case studies as methods, but it generalises to all by specifying the innate drives we act upon, so elements of nomothetic
42
Humanistic approach to Idiographic / Nomothetic
Strongly idiographic, focus is on uniqueness of individuals, some argue hierarchy needs is ideographic but humanists see themselves as idiographic
43
Behaviourist approach to Science / non-science
Uses scientific methods to measure observable behaviour, seen as scientific, there is no interpretation involved, so seen more objective than other A
44
Social learning theory approach to science / non-science
Cognitive element of SLT is not directly observable so is more susceptible to bias and less scientific than learning theory
45
Cognitive approach to science / non-science
Uses controlled lab experiments, data is reliable and scientific, but it is not directly observable so can be biased, inferences are made, not as scientific as LT and biological approaches
46
Biological approach to science/non-science
Uses most scientific methods of investigation, scans physical measures of biochemistry
47
Psychodynamic approach to science/non-science
Impossible to investigate scientifically, unfalsifiable, uses projective tests or dream analysis as methods, all methods are subjective and prone to bias
48
Humanistic approach to science/non-science
Humanists don't believe scientific methods are appropriate for measuring human behaviour as all humans are unique individuals and must be studied ideographically
49
Behaviourist approach to extrapolation from animals
Behaviourist principles were developed through animal testing, as learning mechanics in humans are the same as in other animals
50
Social learning theory approach to extrapolation from animals
Does not use animal research to test key assumptions of SLT, but relies on some learning theory assumptions
51
Cognitive approach to extrapolation from animals
Animal research is not appropriate to examine human thoughts and cognition, animals don't use language to communicate so its impossible to infer hat they're thinking
52
Biological approach to extrapolation from animals
Animal research is used widely, as humans are seen as physiologically similar to animals, biochemical test and genetic modification are helpful
53
Psychodynamic approach to extrapolation from animals
Animal research cannot be used for reasons similar to cognitive approach. The unconscious mind is difficult to test in humans, and wold be impossible to test in animals
54
Humanistic approach to extrapolation from animals
Animal research is not used or seen as appropriate as humanists don't believe in scientific methods, the approach only focuses on human development and human experiences.

Psychology (6 decks)

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