Approachs A03 Flashcards
(12 cards)
Evaluation of the behaviourist approach
-practical appliactions-systematic dysensitation and token economy
-scientific status-reguarded as a scenic approach, cite skinners box
-generalisability-most research carried out on animals
-there is supporting evidnce from watson and rayners study on 9 month old little albert
-environmental determinism-‘free will is an illusion’
Evaluation of the social learning approach
-practical applications, behaviour modelling to treat phobias, the precise demonstartion of desired behaviour that is purposefull and positive. This can also be used in the promotion of helath related behaviours in advertisements using models that identify with the target audience
-reguarded as a scientific status, cite the bobo doll experiment
-supporting evidence is banduras experiment
-banduras reserach is low in ecological validity and mundane realism
-less reductionist than other approaches
Allport and postman
investigates schemas effect on recall. White partivopants were shown an argument between a well dressed black man and a white man with a razor. Told through serial reproduction. Repeated with black participants. white participants made the black participants became the aggressor and the black aprticipants were more accurate
Tulving et al
used PET scans on indiviudals while recalling information using different types of long term memory and showed that the follwoing brain areas are being uses.
semantic-temporal lobe, episodic-temporal lobe and hippocampus and procedural-cerrebellum
Mcguire et al
at UCL used neuo-imaging techniques with london taxi drivers and found that the job you do can physically change the structure of your brain bigger or smaller. they found that the hippocampus of london taxi drivers were significantly larger than control groups.
evaluation of the cognitive approach
practical applications-cognitive behavioural therapy and how the memory of eyewitnesses can become distorted, this can be due to over reliance on schemas
scientific-neuroimaging techniques/brain scans. Tulvinga nd Pearlstone carried out a lab experiment to investigate memory and forgetting.
supporting evidnce-loftus and palmer provided evince of hwo ur schemas and leading questions can distort memory
-however cognitive research often involves exposing cipants to meaningless stimuli which makes it low in ecologixal validity and mundane realism. Eg eye witness testimony reseatch and tulving and pearls one
reductionist-eg yerkes dobson law suggests anxiety can distort memory
Evaluation of biological approach
practical appliactions-drug therapies are based on the idea that a neurochemical imbalance can cause OCD. two types of drugs used for OCD, anti-depressant and anti-anxeity drugs
considered a scientific status- development of neuroimaging/ brain scanning techniques in late 20th century. then bias than case studies such as Phineas Gage. allows pyschologist to make predictions about the impact of localised brain damage
-key evidence that supports the assumptions of the approach-Gottesman and Sheilds
-problems with the methodology of twin studies-concordance rates not 100% so not entirely genetic. it coudl be due to identical wtins being treated more similarly then non identical twins
-reductionist-ignores environment factors
Gottesman and Sheilds
found a concordance rate of 75% in identical twins for schichophrenia compared to 74% in on identical twins. This demonstrates a strong degree of genetic similarity and shared risk of schitophrenia.
evaluation of the pyschodynamic approach
practical appliactions-pyschoanalysis, mainly appropriate for neurotic disorders, help the client come to terms with ID impulses and recognising the oragin of current anxiety is that childhood relasionships are being relived
unscientific approach-the approach cannot be directly observed. because they cannot be emprically tested they cannot be proved to exist meaning they are not falsibiable. built around unique case studies such as little hans
supporting evidence-littel hans and fisher and Greenberg
most evidence come from case studies which just focus on one indivdiual
pyschic determinism-freud believed that free will was an illusion
Fisher and Greenberg
in a review of 2500 pyschodynamic studies found that overall evidnce for the existence of unsconscious motivation in behaviour as well as as for defence mechanisms repression, denial and displacement
evaluation of the hummanistic approach
practical application-person centered therapy. Maslows hierchary of needs has been successfully applied to the work place guiding leaders to understand and address employee motivation by meeting needs at different levels. By focusing on physiological needs (basic pay, benefits), safety needs (secure job, safe environment), social needs (belonging, teamwork), esteem needs (recognition, praise), and self-actualization (growth, development), businesses can foster a more engaged and productive workforce.
not considered a scientific approach-rejects empirical method, the approach deals with vague and abstract concepts, such concepts are up for personal interpretation
supporting evidnce-harter et al
generalisability-approach explains behaviour using the norms and values of western culture and society and thus may not be appropriate for non-western cultures eg indivdiualistic cultures liek America and Great Britain place importance on perosnal growth compared to collectivist cultures that emphaise the needs of community
less reductionist than other approaches-comapre to behaviourist approach
Harter et al
found that teenagers who feel they have meet their parents conditions of worth to gain apporoavl end up not liking themselves an are mre likley to develop depression. This evidnce is consistent with rodgers views.
