April 13th ~ Flashcards

Question

New Delhi (Delhi)- based Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) successfully carried out release trials of the Long-Range Glide Bomb (LRGB) named _____ from April 8 to 10, 2025. These trials were conducted using the Su-30 MKI fighter aircraft.

Answer 1

‘Gaurav’

Answer 2

Buenos Aires, Argentina About ISSF World Cup: The ISSF World Cup (WC), organised annually by the International Shooting Sport Federation (ISSF) headquartered in Munich, Germany, features separate competitions for rifle and pistol events, as well as a dedicated World Cup for shotgun events. * Totally four World Cups are held every year, only three are organised during Summer Olympic years. The first ISSF World Cup was held in 1986 in Mexico. About International Shooting Sport Federation (ISSF): President– Luciano Rossi (Italy) Established– 1907 Headquarters– Munich, Germany

Answer 3

Kumudini Lakhia

Answer 4

Daripalli Ramaiah

Answer 5

1. **The United Nations (UN’s) International Day of Human Space Flight** is annually observed across the world on April 12 to celebrate the beginning of the space era for mankind and highlights the pivotal role of space science and technology in promoting Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). 2. **The International Day for Street Children (IDSC)** is annually observed across the world on April 12 to raise awareness about the challenges faced by millions of children living on the streets globally. The observance of IDSC is led by London (the United Kingdom, UK)-based Consortium for Street Children (CSC). * Each year the CSC decides on theme for IDSC to promote the needs of street children globally. * Theme of IDSC 2025 is ‘Participation’

Answer 6

1. Every year **Siachen Day is observed by the Indian Army (IA)** on April 13 to commemorate Operation Meghdoot. On this day, Indian troops successfully landed at Bilafond La Pass and captured key positions on the Siachen Glacier, gaining a strategic advantage in the disputed Kashmir region, home to the world’s highest battlefield. The day is observed on April 13 to commemorate the courage and unwavering determination of the IA in the world’s longest active military operation. * 13th April 2025 marks the 41st year of IA’s presence at Siachen Glacier. 2. 13th April 2025 marks the **106th anniversary of the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre**, also known as the Amritsar Massacre, which took place on 13th April 1919 in Amritsar, Punjab, then part of British India (now in Punjab, India).

Answer 7

12th Key Highlights: i. Under the above scheme, the Government of India provides financial assistance of up to 50% of the project cost, with a maximum limit of Rs.40 crores per project. ii. The following are the objectives of the scheme: - Increase the competitiveness, polymer absorption capacity and value addition in the domestic downstream plastic processing industry. - Increase investments in the sector through additions in capacity and production, facilitation to ensure value addition and increase in exports. - Achieve environmentally sustainable growth through innovative methods. - Adopt a cluster development approach to achieve the above objectives, leveraging the benefits of resource optimization and economies of scale

Answer 8

'Blue category’ Key Features: i. The Blue category industry will get an additional two years validity for Consent to Operate (CTO) i.e. consent to pollute by CPCB, as per the Pollution Index (PI). ii. As per CPCB, the new classification is based on ‘precautionary principle’ which means the potential of industries to pollute the environment. Also, industries that produce minimum hazardous waste will be classified under the ‘blue industry’ category. iii. The new blue category will include industries like: composting, Compressed Biogas (CBG) plants, Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) and Material Recovery Facilities (MRF). It includes WTE plants in this category despite high PI (97.6) due to the services it provides.

Answer 9

International Finance Corporation (IFC) The facility aims to expand access to credit for women-owned businesses, agriculture-focused MSMEs, and climate-related financing while demonstrating the commercial viability of these segments. The primary goal of the facility is to provide first-loss guarantees to eligible third-party FSPs, enabling them to scale operations, test innovative products, and adopt inclusive risk criteria.

Answer 10

Ziroh Labs - This innovation aligns with India’s “AI for All” mission, aiming to bridge the digital divide by providing AI capabilities to regions with limited resources . - The collaboration also established the Centre of AI Research (CoAIR) to address compute accessibility challenges in India. CoAIR focuses on creating practical AI solutions for CPU-based and edge device inferencing, benefiting startups, Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), and government agencies

Answer 11

Jammu, in Jammu (Jammu & Kashmir, J&K)

Answer 12

Daniel Roy Gilchrist Noboa Azín

Answer 13

Brice Clotaire Oligui Nguema - The victory enabled Brice Oligui Nguema to commence a full seven-year presidential term in office.

Answer 14

New Delhi (Delhi)-based Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)

Answer 15

Mario Vargas Llosa

Answer 16

1. **World Chagas Disease Day (WCDD)** is observed globally every year on April 14 to spread awareness about Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis), a Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD) caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi (T.cruzi). The theme for WCDD 2025 is “Prevent, Control, Care: Everyone’s Role in Chagas Disease“, highlighting the collective responsibility in combating this illness. 2. **National Fire Service Day (NFSD)** is observed annually on April 14 in India to pay tribute to the brave firefighters who lost their lives in the line of duty, particularly during the Bombay Dock Explosion of 1944. The day also marks the beginning of the Fire Service Week (FSW), which is observed annually from April 14 to 20 to raise awareness about fire safety measures among the public, employees, and students. April 14, 2025, marks the 81st anniversary of the 1944 Bombay Dock explosion. The theme of NFSD 2025 and FSW 2025 is “Unite to Ignite, a Fire Safe India – Fire Safety, Contribute towards Nation Building.” 3. **World Quantum Day** is observed annually worldwide on 14th April to promote global awareness and understanding of quantum science and technology. The day aims to highlight quantum science as the language of the universe and encourage global cooperation in its research and application. April 14, 2025, marks the observance of the 4th World Quantum Day.

Answer 17

‘Gujarat Police – Drone Response and Aerial Surveillance Tactical Intervention (GP-DRASTI) Project’ i. During a 10-day pilot project conducted in Ahmedabad and Surat, drones were able to reach the scene in 2 to 2.5 minutes, which is less than half the time taken by PCR vans. ii. The real-time footage captured by drones will be transmitted to officers at the drone base station, enabling quick situation assessment and efficient deployment of police forces. iii. Initially, the project will be implemented in eight police stations in Ahmedabad. It will later be expanded to Vadodara, Rajkot, and Surat with additional drone deployment.

Answer 18

Karnataka * Karnataka is followed by Andhra Pradesh (AP) at second place, Telangana at third, Kerala at fourth, and Tamil Nadu (TN) at fifth among the large and mid-sized states in the IJR 2025. * Telangana made the biggest improvement, moving from 11th to 3rd place. West Bengal (WB) ranked lowest among the 18 large and mid-sized states. Karnataka got a score of 6.78 out of 10, while WB scored 3.63 overall. * Among smaller states (with population upto 1 crore), Sikkim ranked first, followed by Himachal Pradesh (HP) at second place and Arunachal Pradesh (AR) at third while Goa was at the bottom

Answer 19

59 * The Telangana Government based its decision on empirical data, including the social, economic, educational, employment, and political status of SC communities

Answer 20

the Ministry of Interior of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) - Lieutenant Colonel Dana Humaid Al Marzouqi, Director General (DG) of the International Affairs Bureau at the Ministry of Interior (UAE) got 67% of the total votes from the representatives of INTERPOL member states during the committee’s session held at Lyon, France. * As part of the committee’s mandate, UAE will be responsible for steering discussions on INTERPOL’s governance, representing the committee in reports to the General Assembly and the Executive Committee and ensuring co-ordination among member states to enhance the functioning of INTERPOL.

Answer 21

Justice Dinesh Maheshwari

Answer 22

Oscar Piastri * The Bahrain GP marked the 50th career race start for Oscar Piastri in F1 . * With this, he became the first driver to win multiple races in the 2025 F1 season, following his earlier win at the Chinese GP in March 2025. Note: Oscar Piastri became First McLaren driver to win in Sakhir (Bahrain), since the circuit’s F1 debut in 2004.

Answer 23

Mohun Bagan Super Giant (MBSG), a Kolkata (West Bengal)-based football club (FC) * This marked MBSG’s second ISL title, their first being in the 2022-23 season (then known as ATK Mohun Bagan). * With this victory, MBSG became the second team in ISL history, after Mumbai City FC (2020-21), to win both the ISL Winners Shield and the ISL Title. * Pokemon served as the Official Sponsor of the ISL 2024-25 Final, while Hero MotoCorp Limited remained the Title Sponsor of the tournament.

Answer 24

2028 Los Angeles Olympics

Answer 25

Hari Dutt Kapri

Answer 26

‘The India I Saw:: A Glimpse into the Life of S. Ambujammal

Answer 27

**World Art Day (WAD)** is observed annually worldwide on April 15 to strengthen the connection between artistic creations and society, promote awareness of diverse artistic expressions, and acknowledge artists’ contributions to sustainable development. * The WAD 2025 theme, “DNA – Do No Algorithm,” emphasizes human creativity as a counter to AI-generated art. * The celebration of WAD centers on the promotion, development, dissemination, and appreciation of art across all forms and cultures

Answer 28

**World Voice Day (WVD)** is an annual global event observed on April 16 to celebrate the significance of the human voice in communication, identity, and culture. * It is a day dedicated to recognising the significance of the human voice, highlighting its vital role in everyday communication, professional interaction, and artistic expression. - The 2025 campaign, themed “Empower Your Voice,” emphasizes vocal health awareness and the importance of nurturing one’s voice. The theme was chosen by the Voice Committee of the American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS).

Answer 29

Madhya Pradesh (MP) * The WLS was notified under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, and was inaugurated on 14th April 2025, coinciding with the 134th birth anniversary of Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar. * It has been designated to strengthen wildlife conservation, preserve biodiversity, and support sustainable eco-tourism and employment in MP, which is widely recognized as the “Tiger State of India”

Answer 30

10 i. China leads the global export market by holding 50% (USD 13 billion) of the hand tools market and 40% (USD 22 billion) of the power tool exports. ii. India’s share remains modest at 1.8% (USD 600 million) in hand tools and 0.7% (USD 470 million) in power tools

Answer 31

3rd i. India is the fourth largest medical device market in Asia, after Japan, China and South Korea. ii. India is among the top 20 global medical device markets in the world. iii. The total annual turnover of Pharmaceuticals in Financial Year (FY) 2023-24 was Rs.4,17,345 crores, out of which Rs.2,19,439 was from exports

Answer 32

Uzbekistan i. The exercise, named ‘Dustlik’ (meaning ‘friendship’ in Uzbek), is an annual bilateral event conducted alternately in India and Uzbekistan since 2019. ii. DUSTLIKVI facilitates the exchange of best practices in tactics, techniques, and procedures for subconventional operations. By strengthening defence cooperation, the exercise further augments bilateral relations and mutual trust between India and Uzbekistan. iii. The previous edition (DUSTLIK-V) was held in Termez District, Uzbekistan, in April 2024.

Answer 33

the United States of America (USA) - Bilateral trade between India and the USA is likely to grow, as both nations are working to increase trade in goods and services from USD 191 billion currently to USD 500 billion by 2030. India–U.S. Trade Overview in FY25: i. India’s exports to the USA grew by 11.6% in FY25 to USD 86.51 billion, compared to USD 77.52 billion in FY24. ii. Imports from the USA rose by 7.44% to USD 45.33 billion, compared to USD 42.2 billion in FY24. iii. The trade surplus in favour of India with the USA increased to USD 41.18 billion in FY25 from USD 35.32 billion in FY24. iv. In 2024, India’s main exports to the USA were drug formulations and biologicals (USD 8.1 billion), telecom instruments (USD 6.5 billion), and precious and semi-precious stones (USD 5.3 billion), among others. * Major imports from the USA included crude oil (USD 4.5 billion), petroleum products (USD 3.6 billion), and coal and coke (USD 3.4 billion), among others.

Answer 34

‘2025 – International Cooperative Year’ During the event, a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed between Gujarat based National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) and the Madhya Pradesh Cooperative Dairy Federation (MPCDF) to enhance the role of cooperative dairy societies in milk production across the state.

Answer 35

9th - IGIA saw passenger traffic of 77 million in 2024, marking an increase of 7.8% compared to 2023 and 13.6% compared to 2019. * While, the United States of America, USA-based Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport (ATL) continues to be the world’s busiest airport, handling over 108 million passengers traffic in 2024. * It is followed by Dubai (the United Arab Emirates, UAE)-based Dubai International Airport (DXB) and USA-based Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport (DFW) ranked at 2nd and 3rd position, respectively.

Answer 36

World Bank (WB) * Almost, two billion people in LICs and Middle-Income Countries (MICs) lacked access to adequate social protection as of 2022. * The report finds that social protection benefits are unevenly distributed. Across a sample of 27 countries, women receive, on average, 81 cents for every USD 1 received by men.

Answer 37

Sir James Michael Anderson

Answer 38

Bhushan Ramkrishna (BR) Gavai The appointment was made as per the Memorandum of Procedure (MoP), under which the Ministry of Law and Justice (MoL&J) obtains a recommendation from the outgoing CJI for the next appointment

Answer 39

Sourav Ganguly

Answer 40

Magnus Carlsen of Norway

Answer 41

Abdullah bin Ahmad Badawi

Answer 42

World Hemophilia Day (WHD) is annually observed on 17 April across the globe to raise awareness about Hemophilia, a rare inherited bleeding disorder, and other related disorders that affect the blood’s ability to clot. The observance is organized by the Canada-based World Federation of Hemophilia (WFH). WHD aims to promote understanding and advocacy for improved diagnosis, treatment, and support for people with bleeding disorders. April 17 2025, WHD marks its 31st anniversary. The theme for 2025 is “Access for All: Women and Girls Bleed Too”.

Answer 43

‘Bhu Bharati’

Answer 44

24th April 2022 * The objective of this mission is to construct/rejuvenate at least 75 Amrit Sarovar (ponds) in every district of the country. * Each Amrit Sarovar is designed to have a pondage area of minimum of 1 acre (0.4 hectare) with water holding capacity of about 10,000 cubic meter (m3).

Answer 45

India Key Highlights of the Agreement: i. Financial Commitment: * The Union Cabinet chaired by Prime Minister (PM) Narendra Modi, approved a budgetary support of Rs 150 crore to IBCA for a period of five years (2023-24 to 2028-29). Funds will be used for creating a corpus, building infrastructure, and recurring expenses. ii. Operational Framework: * Provisions include visa facilitation, privileges, and immunities for IBCA personnel and premises. Legal framework enables supplementary agreements for administrative needs. iii. The alliance plays a crucial role in addressing threats like habitat loss, poaching, and human-wildlife conflict.

Answer 46

Alliance Air - CM Fadnavis also announced that Southeast Asia’s Largest Pilot Training Institute i.e Flying Training Organisation (FTO) will be established in Amravati and is expected to open within the next 6 months. * The new training facility will feature 34 training aircraft and aims to train 180 pilots each year, marks a major step in India’s aviation education sector.

Answer 47

STELLAR (State-of-the-art, Totally indigenously developed Resource Adequacy model)

Answer 48

commercial shipping i. The new framework is expected to be formally adopted in October 2025, and after which, it will become mandatory for large ocean-going ships of more than 5,000 gross tonnage, which accounts 85% of total Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emissions from international shipping. Under the new framework, the carbon tax will formally come into effect in 2028. ii. As per the new framework, ships will either have to switch to low-emission fuels or pay fees in the range of USD 100 to USD 380 per tonne of emission, based on the level of pollution they produce. - At present, Shipping industry accounts for 3% of global GHG emissions. i. The new framework is expected to be formally adopted in October 2025, and after which, it will become mandatory for large ocean-going ships of more than 5,000 gross tonnage, which accounts 85% of total Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emissions from international shipping. Under the new framework, the carbon tax will formally come into effect in 2028. ii. As per the new framework, ships will either have to switch to low-emission fuels or pay fees in the range of USD 100 to USD 380 per tonne of emission, based on the level of pollution they produce.

Answer 49

New York City (NYC), United States of America (USA) has officially proclaimed April 14 as ‘Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Day’ on the occasion of Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar’s 134th birth anniversary. * The proclamation was made by New York City Mayor Eric Adams, acknowledging Dr. Ambedkar’s contributions towards justice, equality, and human rights.

Answer 50

Mumbai (Maharashtra) based State Bank of India (SBI) and Mumbai based HDFC Bank Limited * SBI climbed 4 places to 43rd position, while HDFC Bank rose 1 spot to 73rd , marking India’s sole representation in the prestigious list. * China’s Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited, ICBC topped in the list followed by Agricultural Bank of China Ltd.(ABC), China Construction Bank Corporation (CCB).

Answer 51

Financial Intelligence Unit India (FIU-IND) i. Exchange of intelligence and database information, establishing a reporting framework for entities submitting data to FIU-IND under the PML Rules, and conducting training and outreach activities. ii. To strengthen Anti-Money Laundering/Combating the Financing of Terrorism (AML/CFT) skills and assess Money Laundering/Terror Financing (ML/TF) risks across financial sectors. iii. Monitor compliance of RBI-regulated entities with PMLA, RBI guidelines, and global standards, and quarterly meetings for issue discussion are key features of the agreement

Answer 52

Chennai (Tamil Nadu, TN) based United India Insurance Company Limited (UIICL) i. The collaboration aims to provide comprehensive insurance solutions, including home, health, motor, and engineering insurance, to SIDBI’s customers across its 123 branches in India. ii. The initiative seeks to enhance insurance penetration among MSMEs, a sector crucial to India’s economic growth. iii. The tie-up will enable MSMEs to access integrated financial and insurance services under a single platform.

Answer 53

Reshma Kewalramani

Answer 54

seven * The global list also features prominent leaders such as Sana Mir, Sports Analyst and Commentator at Pakistan Television Corporation Limited (Pakistan), Milojko Spajić, Prime Minister (PM) of Montenegro, and Paetongtarn Shinawatra, PM of Thailand, among others

Answer 55

Dr. Mangi Lal Jat * He is also appointed as the ex-officio Secretary of the Department of Agricultural Research and Education (DARE) under the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare (MoA&FW). * As per ACC, he will hold both these posts for a period of 3 years from the date of assumption charge of the post or until further orders, whichever is earlier.

Answer 56

Slovakia * The partnership aims to facilitate technology transfer and co-development of combat platforms designed for complex terrains and high-altitude environments, with all manufacturing to be conducted in India.

Answer 57

**The International Day for Monuments and Sites (IDMS), also known as World Heritage Day**, is observed annually across the world on April 18 to raise awareness about the importance of preserving cultural and historical heritage. The theme for IDMS 2025 is “Heritage under Threat from Disasters and Conflicts: Preparedness and Learning from 60 years of ICOMOS Actions.”

Answer 58

Arun Palli

Answer 59

‘Adipoli’ i. India’s electronics manufacturing sector has increased 5 times in the last 6 years, with total value exceeding Rs 11 lakh crore, while exports have increased 6 times to more than Rs 3.25 lakh crore. ii. Also, this sector now employs more than 25 people and is expected to witness exponential growth in the coming years.

Answer 60

Confederation of Real Estate Developers Association of India (CREDAI) * The agreement was formalized during CREDAI’s leadership transition ceremony, where Shekhar G Patel assumed the role of CREDAI President for the 2025–2027 term.

Answer 61

September 2026 * In July 2024, the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB) granted permission to the 1st approach to criticality for the PFBR.

Answer 62

‘Securing India’s Rise through Defence Reforms i. ‘Kalam & Kavach’ is India’s leading platform for national security and geopolitics dialogue, bringing together senior military leaders, key policymakers, industry experts, and strategic thinkers from across the country. ii. The event focused on discussions on Defence Technology and Future Warfare, including the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI), quantum computing, cyber technologies, drones, space technology, and semiconductors. iii. It also highlighted key areas such as Defence Manufacturing and Aatmanirbharta (Self-Reliance), along with Acquisition and Procurement Reforms. iv. The event took place in the backdrop of Union Defence Minister Rajnath Singh’s declaration of 2025 as the ‘Year of Reforms’, aimed at fast-tracking India’s evolution into a combat-ready, tech-driven force

Answer 63

Natyashastra * Both these newly inducted manuscripts are preserved by Pune (Maharashtra)-based Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute (BORI). * This year, UNESCO has included 74 new documentary heritage collections from 72 countries and 4 international organisations to its MoW register. With these new entries, the total number of inscribed collections now stands 570. * These entries cover topics like: scientific revolution, women’s contribution to history and key milestones of multilateralism.

Answer 64

1st i. During the 15th BRICS AMM, BRICS countries including India, have launched a new initiative named ‘BRICS Land Restoration Partnership’ to address key issues related to agriculture like: land degradation, desertification, and soil fertility loss. * This new initiative is expected to benefit small farmers, tribal communities, and local cultivators through the convergence of conventional knowledge and scientific innovation. ii. BRICS countries issued a joint declaration and collectively reiterated their commitment to make the global agri-food system fair, inclusive, innovative, and sustainable. * The declaration underlined the commitments to food security, climate adaptation, empowerment of women and youth, sustainable fisheries, among others. * India invited Brics nations to participate in World Food India 2025 and the World Audio-Visual Entertainment Summit 2025 as platforms for innovation and global collaboration. India will hold BRICS 2026 presidency.

Answer 65

the Republic of Sierra Leone

Answer 66

Maharashtra The MoU aims to enhance public service delivery, strengthen administrative efficiency, and promote inclusive digital skill development through advanced technologies such as: Artificial Intelligence (AI), Hybrid Cloud, Data Analytics, Cybersecurity.

Answer 67

Maharashtra State Power Generation Company Limited (MAHAGENCO) i. The aim is to jointly develop, commercialise, and establish a thorium-based SMR in Maharashtra. ii. The reactor will be developed in accordance with the safety standards of the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB) and Government of India regulations. iii. Maharashtra Institution for Transformation (MITRA) will provide strategic support for this joint initiative. iv. A joint working group comprising representatives from MAHAGENCO, ROSATOM, MITRA, and Global Technology Alliance will coordinate and execute the project. v. The implementation will strictly follow all legal and safety protocols set by the Department of Atomic Energy (DEA) and AERB. Note: MAHAGENCO is a major power generation company in Maharashtra, formerly called Maharashtra State Electricity Board (MSEB) and was established in 2005.

Answer 68

Awardees of the MacGregor Memorial Medal: 2023 Recipients: i. Wing Commander D. Panda, Indian Air Force (IAF) ii. Electrical Artificer (Radio) (EA (R)) Rahul Kumar Pandey (Retired), Indian Navy (IN) 2024 Recipients: i. Chief Electrical Aircraft Artificer (Radio) (CHEAA (R)) Ram Ratan Jat (Retired), IN ii. Sergeant Jhumar Ram Poonia, IAF iii. Colonel Ranvir Singh Jamwal, Director of the National Institute of Mountaineering and Adventure Sports (NIMAS), Arunachal Pradesh (AR)

Answer 69

Samar Abu Elouf * The winners and two finalists of the 2025 World Press Photo Contest were announced during the World Press Photo Exhibition in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. This exhibition will tour over 60 locations worldwide.

Answer 70

Duro Macut

Answer 71

Ajay Bhushan Pandey * He is responsible for providing strategic leadership and overseeing three critical departments: the Sectors, Themes and Finance Solutions Department (STF), the Sustainability and Fiduciary Solutions Department (SFD), and the Portfolio Management Department (PMD)

Answer 72

Saikhom Mirabai Chanu

Answer 73

‘Ironwood’ * The Ironwood chip, features 192 GB of High Bandwidth Memory (HBM), is designed to handle the type of data crunching required for real-time AI tasks. i. It also achieves a memory bandwidth of 7.2 Terabits per second(Tbps) per chip, marking a 4.5× improvement over Trillium’s performance. ii. When scaled to 9,216 chips per pod, Ironwood delivers an impressive 42.5 exaflops of computing power, surpassing El Capitan, the world’s fastest supercomputer(as of November 2024), which achieves a peak performance of 2.79 exaflops. iii. Google’s Tensor Processing Units (TPUs), which are the backbone of this chip, are currently used exclusively by Google’s engineers or through the company’s cloud services, giving it a competitive edge over rivals.

Answer 74

India’s cricket captain Rohit Sharma

Answer 75

**World Liver Day (WLD)** is observed annually on April 19 across the globe to create awareness about the importance of liver health and promote actions towards the prevention and management of liverrelated diseases. * WLD is a collaborative initiative led by major global associations dedicated to the study of the liver and liver diseases. - The theme for WLD 2025 is ‘Food is Medicine’, emphasizes the essential role of nutrition in maintaining liver health. - World Liver Day(WLD) was first launched in India in 2019 to spread awareness about increasing liver disease cases.

Answer 76

Labour & Employment (MoL&E)

Answer 77

Mumbai (Maharashtra) Key Details of the Initiative: i. The ATM was installed in an air-conditioned (AC) coach of the Panchavati Express, replacing a temporary pantry space. ii. The train operates daily between Mumbai’s Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus (CSMT) and Manmad Junction (Nashik district, Maharashtra), covering the 4-hour 35-minute journey. iii. The initiative targets NFR generation while addressing passenger needs, especially for senior citizens, women, and emergency cash requirements

Answer 78

23.6% Note: Snow Persistence is the duration snow remains on the ground after snowfall. It’s vital for water supply in regions like the HKH, supporting rivers and ecosystems.

Answer 79

‘Exercise Desert Flag-10’ About Desert Flag: i. It is an annual multinational large-force employment warfare exercise hosted by the UAE Air Force. ii. The inaugural Desert Flag exercise was held in 2011. iii. The IAF participated in the exercise for the first time in 2021. About Exercise Desert Flag-10: i. The 10th edition of the Exercise Desert Flag, is a premier multinational aerial warfare exercise designed to enhance operational capabilities, interoperability, and strategic cooperation among participating nations. ii. The 2025 edition includes air forces from 12 countries, namely: India, Australia, Bahrain, France, Germany, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the Republic of Korea, Turkey, the United Kingdom (UK), the United States of America (USA), and the host nation UAE.

Answer 80

‘E5’ and ‘E3’ Note: “Shinkansen” refers to Japan’s high-speed rail technology Background: In 2016, Prime Minister(PM) Narendra Modi and former Japanese PM Shinzo Abe signed an agreement to manufacture Shinkansen trains in India under the Central Government’s “Make in India” initiative, enabling the transfer of Japanese high-speed rail technology to India. About the Project: * The MAHSRC is being developed by New Delhi-based National High-Speed Rail Corporation Limited (NHSRCL), a subsidiary of Indian Railways (IR). * The corridor, once completed, will allow bullet trains to run at a top speed of 320 kilometers per hour (km/h), marking India’s entry into high-speed rail infrastructure.

Answer 81

‘IISR Surya’ i. It has a pleasant aroma, expected to significantly benefit farmers, especially in the production of high-quality turmeric powder. ii. It is a high-yielding variety of turmeric which offers 20% to 30% yield increase compared to that of the existing light-coloured local varieties. * As per researchers, it can yield maximum 41 tonnes per hectare. iii. It contains curcumin content with the range of 2% to 3%, which was on par with other light-coloured turmeric varieties

Answer 82

Oscar Jack Piastri * With this, Oscar Piastri becomes the 1st Australian F1 driver to lead the drivers championship standings with 99 points since Mark Webber (2010). He is followed by Lando Norris (McLaren) with 89 points and Max Verstappen (Red Bull) with 87 points.

Answer 83

Pope Francis He was also the 1st non-European pope in over 1,000 years and the 1st Jesuit and also 1st pope who chose to be called as Francis in honour of Saint Francis of Assisi.

Answer 84

The **United Nations (UN’s) Chinese Language Day** is annually observed across the globe on April 20 to promote multilingualism, cultural diversity, and the equal use of the six official languages of the UN. * The 2025 theme, “Chinese Language: A Gift Across Time and Space”, highlights the historical and cultural significance of the Chinese language.

Answer 85

1. **National Civil Services Day** is observed across India on April 21 to acknowledge and appreciate the pivotal role played by civil servants in the nation’s governance and development. The day serves as an occasion for civil servants across India to rededicate themselves to public service, renew their commitment to citizens’ welfare, and strive for excellence in administration. April 21, 2025, marks the 17th National Civil Services Day observance. In 2006, India’s then Prime Minister (PM), Dr. Manmohan Singh, inaugurated the first National Civil Services Day at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi (Delhi). 2. The United Nations (UN) annually observes the **World Creativity and Innovation Day (WCID)** on 21 April to raise global awareness about the importance of creativity and innovation in fostering human development and achieving sustainable growth. The day encourages individuals, institutions, and governments to adopt innovative approaches that support economic growth, social inclusion, and environmental sustainability, thereby advancing the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

Answer 86

MP Krishak Kalyan Mission (KKM) i. It aims to increase farmers’ income by promoting fair pricing for farm produce, ensuring nutritional and food security, and supporting sustainable livelihood opportunities. ii. It focuses on promoting climate-resilient agriculture, adopting sustainable farming practices, and preserving biodiversity and traditional agricultural knowledge.

Answer 87

9% About the assessment: i. One of the key features of DBT is the use of the JAM trinity, which stands for Jan Dhan bank accounts, Aadhaar unique Identification(ID) numbers and mobile phones. ii. The assessment evaluates data from 2009 to 2024 to examine the impact of DBT on budgetary efficiency, subsidy rationalisation, and social outcomes.

Answer 88

Mumbai International Cruise Terminal (MICT) * The event also featured the inauguration of renovated heritage buildings, the launch of a Shoreto-Ship Electric Supply system under the Green Port Initiative, and the opening of the Sagar Upvan Garden. MICT has been developed at a total cost of Rs. 556 crore under the Cruise Bharat Mission in line with global standards to promote cruise tourism in India.

Answer 89

Pune (Maharashtra)-based Sterlite Technologies Limited (STL) i. A stable QKD link was established over more than 100 kilometres (km), validating its reliability under high data traffic conditions. Quantum signals were transmitted via one core, while the other three cores carried high-speed classical data. ii. C-DOT has successfully developed and deployed industry-grade QKD systems which have received Technology Approval from the Telecommunication Engineering Centre (TEC) under the DoT, MoC. iii. This test proved that quantum and classical communication can coexist within the same fibre, ensuring cost-effective and secure data transmission.

Answer 90

17th * Countries with APMU facilities include: the United States of America (USA), China, Great Britain, Germany, France, Australia, Japan, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Italy, Norway, Poland, Qatar, Spain, and Switzerland. i. The APMU is a specialized body responsible for managing the Athlete Biological Passport (ABP) program. ii. This program involves the longitudinal tracking of athletes’ biological markers, such as blood parameters and hormonal levels, to detect doping patterns without directly identifying banned substances. iii. The establishment of the APMU underscores India’s commitment to promoting clean and transparent sports practices.

Answer 91

largest battery manufacturing facility

Answer 92

Armand Gustav Duplantis ; Simone Biles

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1889 ; Mitchell Santner

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Jasprit Jasbirsingh Bumrah and Smriti Mandhana

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Nicholas Pooran

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Dr. Mathew Samuel Kalarickal

Answer 97

Amarjit Singh Dulat i. Amarjit Singh Dulat (born 1940) is a seasoned Indian bureaucrat, former spymaster, and served as the Special Director of the Intelligence Bureau (IB). ii. He served as an Advisor on Jammu and Kashmir in the Prime Minister’s Office (PMO) after his retirement from 2000 to 2004. iii. He authored the widely discussed book Kashmir: The Vajpayee Years in 2015, and co-authored “The Spy Chronicles: RAW, ISI and the Illusion of Peace” with Asad Durrani, the former chief of Pakistan’s Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) in 2018.

Answer 98

The United Nations (UN) observes **International Mother Earth Day or Earth Day** annually on April 22 to highlight the interdependence between humans and the Earth’s ecosystems. This observance emphasizes the collective responsibility to promote harmony with nature, ensuring a balance among economic, social, and environmental needs for present and future generations. * In 2025, this observance gains special significance as it falls within the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration (2021-2030), a global initiative to combat environmental degradation. The theme for Earth Day 2025 is “Our Power, Our Planet”. The theme urges nations to triple clean electricity generation by 2030, focusing on solar, wind, hydroelectric, geothermal, and tidal energy, to mitigate climate change and promote sustainable development

Answer 99

‘Electronic Solutions for Enabling Health Access Through Technology (eSEHAT) Application (App)’ * The app provides tele-diagnosis, hospital referrals, and health insurance details, making it a valuable tool for patients, doctors, and medical students

Answer 100

Batmunkh Luvsandash

Answer 101

Hyderabad (Telangana)-based Rajiv Gandhi International Airport Limited (RGIA) * With this recognition, RGIA is now among the top 4 airports in the ACI Asia-Pacific & Middle East region to achieve Level-5, the highest level of carbon management certification under the ACA framework. i. The ACA programme is the industry standard for the evaluation of an airport’s efforts to manage and reduce carbon emissions. ii. The ACA programme consists 7 levels: Level-1 (Mapping), Level-2 (Reduction), Level-3 (Optimization), Level 3+(Neutrality), Level-4 (transformation), Level-4+ (transition), and Level-5, which makes it the highest.

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Captain (Retd.) Jagmohan

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Mumbai (Maharashtra) based TrillionLoans Fintech Private Limited (TFPL)

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Aryabhata Significance of the Mission i. Aryabhata made India the 11th country to launch a satellite into orbit. ii. Despite a power failure after five days, it transmitted crucial data, aiding future satellite development. iii. The satellite re-entered Earth’s atmosphere and burned up on 11th February 1992, after nearly 17 years in orbit.

Answer 105

Lima, Peru This was the second WC of the 2025 ISSF season, following the first event in Buenos Aires, Argentina (1st–10th April 2025), where India secured 8 medals (4 gold, 2 silver, 2 bronze), finishing second behind China.

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Dammam, Saudi Arabia * India concluded its campaign with a total of 11 medals (1 Gold, 5 Silver, and 5 Bronze), securing the 8th position in the overall medal standings. China topped the medal tally with 36 medals, followed by Uzbekistan with 12 medals.

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Sourav Kothari * Sourav Kothari triumphed with a score of 725 points, surpassing Pankaj Advani’s 480 points. * His remarkable break of 325 points was the match’s standout performance, demonstrating his superior cue control and focus. He also scored breaks of 119 and 112 points, showcasing exceptional skill and composure. i. This victory marked Sourav Kothari’s first IBSF World Billiards title (timed format), making him only the third Indian to win both the IBSF and World Billiards League (WBL) World titles. ii. This achievement was also historically significant as it came 35 years after his father, Manoj Kothari, won the IBSF title in 1990. iii. Dhruv Sitwala from India and David Causier from England shared the bronze medals, with Sitwala continuing his consistent performances on the international stage

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Hari Singh Rana * Hari Singh Rana, former Pradhan (Head) of Killar Gram Panchayat (1979–1984), wearing the traditional Pangi white cap, submitted a memorandum outlining developmental demands for the region, including infrastructure and tribal welfare initiatives. * The book chronicles the developmental journey of Himachal Pradesh since its formation in 1971. * Published by the Himachal Pradesh Department of Information & Public Relations, it highlights key achievements in infrastructure, education, and tourism.

Answer 109

1. **World Book and Copyright Day** is observed annually across the world on 23 April to promote the enjoyment of books and reading. This day, recognizes the power of books to connect generations, preserve history, and bridge cultures across the world. The annual observance of World Book and Copyright Day is organized by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). The 2025 theme for World Book and Copyright Day is “The Role of Literature in Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)” 2. **The United Nations (UN’s) English Language Day** is annually observed on April 23 worldwide to celebrate the English language and its role as a bridge for international communication. This observance underscores the UN’s commitment to promoting multilingualism and cultural diversity across its global operations. 3. The **United Nations (UN’s) Spanish Language Day** is observed annually across the globe on 23rd April to raise awareness among the UN staff about the history, culture and use of Spanish as an official language. The day aims to promote multilingualism and cultural diversity within the UN and among its member states. Spanish Language Day on April 23rd commemorates the death anniversary of Spanish author Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, famous for writing Don Quixote, regarded as the first modern novel and a landmark in world literature. 4. **Administrative Professionals Day, also known as Secretaries Day, Admin Day, or Administrative Assistant Day**, is observed annually across the globe on the Wednesday of the last full week in April to honor secretaries, assistants, receptionists, and administrative staff in various organizations. The day is led by the International Association of Administrative Professionals (IAAP), a nonprofit organization dedicated to advancing the administrative profession

Answer 110

The Ministry of Health & Family Welfare (MoHFW) Observes Pan-India **‘Fire Safety Week’** from 21st to 25th April 2025 to raise awareness and preparedness for fire and electrical safety across all healthcare facilities in collaboration with States, Union Territories (UTs), and Central Ministries and Departments. * Union Health Secretary Punya Salila Srivastava, MoHFW led a nationwide pledge ceremony under the theme ‘Fire Safety in Health Facilities’ on 22nd April 2025 at Nirman Bhawan, New Delhi, Delhi. * Over 3,000 participants from public and private healthcare institutions joined the virtual pledge ceremony and webinar sessions

Answer 111

Karnataka * The Department of Archaeology, Museums and Heritage (DAMH), Government of Karnataka, initiated a comprehensive survey to document antiquities across the state’s villages. - This initiative encompasses the recording of inscriptions, sculptures, and monuments, with each item being geo-tagged to ensure precise location mapping.

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5 * The scheme is being implemented by the Ministry of Panchayati Raj (MoPR) with the support of Dehradun (Uttarakhand)-based Survey of India (SoI) and New Delhi (Delhi)-based National Informatics Centre Services Inc. (NICSI) as the technology partner

Answer 113

Committee on Public and Government Financial Management (CPGFM) * K. Sanjay Murthy, CAG of India, and Charanjot Singh Nanda, President of ICAI, exchanged documents of the MoU signed between ICAI and CAG. i. This collaboration aims to build domain expertise, improve audit quality, and support economic growth through professional development ii. The MOU will strengthen professional capacity to contribute to India’s economic growth and development through skilled auditing. iii. The MoU covers training for recent recruits, advanced programmes for experienced officers, and Continuous Professional Education (CPE) programmes. iv. Training will focus on a practical and application-oriented approach, including Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems, forensic accounting, fraud investigation, etc.

Answer 114

Nipun Aggarwal * To further strengthen operations, Air India’s Chief Operations Officer (COO), Captain Basil Kwauk, will join the Air India Express board, replacing Campbell Wilson, once regulatory approvals are secured.

Answer 115

T. Rabi Sankar This marks his second consecutive one-year extension since his initial appointment in May 2021, succeeding B.P. Kanungo.

Answer 116

China * This initiative is a collaborative effort between telecommunications (telecom) giant Huawei and the state-run operator China Unicom to deliver faster internet access. i. The high-speed internet is powered by next-generation 50G PON (Passive Optical Network) technology, a very advanced system that enhances data transmission capabilities over existing fibre-optic infrastructure. ii. This infrastructure, likely powered by advanced fibre-optic technology and Dense Wavelength-Division Multiplexing (DWDM), sets a new global standard for internet connectivity.

Answer 117

NWU Potch Invitational in Potchefstroom, South Africa * He achieved a throw of 84.52 meters, surpassing South Africa’s Douw Smit (82.44m) and Duncan Robertson (71.22m) to top the podium. - This marked Chopra’s first competition of 2025 and set a new Indian season-best, surpassing Sachin Yadav’s 84.39m

Answer 118

1. **International Girls in ICT (Information and Communications Technology) Day** is observed annually across the globe on the 4th Thursday of April. It serves as a global initiative to inspire and encourage girls and women to pursue careers in the field of ICT. The day also highlights efforts to bridge the gender digital divide, promoting equality in the technology sector. The International Telecommunication Union (ITU), a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN), is responsible for spearheading this initiative. 2. **National Panchayati Raj Day (NPRD), also known as National Local Self-Government Day**, is annually observed in India on 24 April to recognise the establishment of the Panchayati Raj System and its significant role in decentralised governance at the grassroots. 24 April 2025 marks the observance of the 16th NPRD. NPRD 2025 marks 32 years since the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992, which granted constitutional status to Panchayats. The NPRD is annually recognised by the Ministry of Panchayati Raj (MoPR), the nodal ministry established in May 2004, which oversees all matters related to Panchayati Raj and PRIs. 3. **The United Nations (UN)’s International Day of Multilateralism and Diplomacy for Peace** is annually observed across the globe on 24th April to reaffirm global commitment to multilateral cooperation, peaceful conflict resolution, and the principles enshrined in the UN Charter and essential for realising the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). 4. **The World Day for Laboratory Animals (WDLA)**, also known as the World Day for Animals in Laboratories (WDAIL) or World Lab Animal Day, is observed annually on April 24 worldwide to raise global awareness about the ethical and scientific concerns associated with the use of animals in laboratory testing and research. The day highlights the suffering of millions of animals subjected to experiments for cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, and medical research.

Answer 119

145.5 million metric tonnes

Answer 120

Similipal Tiger Reserve (TR) * The Forest, Environment and Climate Change (FE&CC) department of Odisha issued a notification in exercise of powers given under Section 35 (4) of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.

Answer 121

38th Overall, China topped the list, retaining 1st (Tsinghua University, score 92.5) and 2nd (Peking University, score 92) spots.It is followed by National University of Singapore (NUS) (Singapore) and Nanyang Technological University (Singapore) ranked at 3rd and 4th position respectively

Answer 122

Santiago Network About Santiago Network: i. The Santiago Network was established under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 2019, which aimed to bring together organizations, networks, and experts to provide the implementation of solutions that avert, minimize and address loss & damage due to climate change. ii. It secretariat is co-hosted by the UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR) and the UN Office for Project Services (UNOPS) in Geneva, Switzerland.

Answer 123

Payal Kapadia

Answer 124

Kempegowda International Airport

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Sunil Bharti Mittal

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Bhuvnesh Kumar ; Keshav Kumar Pathak

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Jitendra Srivastava

Answer 128

10% i. 24×7 Moneyworks is renowned for its flagship platform, eKisanCredit (eKCC), a fully digital loan origination system tailored for Cooperative Banks, Primary Agricultural Credit Societies (PACS), and Regional Rural Banks (RRBs). ii. The eKCC platform integrates:Land records, Aadhaar and eKYC (Electronic Know Your Customer), Core banking systems and ePACS (Digital PACS). This enables end-to-end automation of loan disbursals, reducing processing time and enhancing transparency.

Answer 129

Shenzhou-20 * This marks China’s ninth crewed mission to Tiangong and supports its ambition to establish a permanent lunar base by 2030.

Answer 130

Koneru Humpy * This win marks her 8th Grand Prix(GP) title, setting a new record and surpassing the previous joint record she held with china’s Hou Yifan.

Answer 131

Dr. Krishnaswamy Kasturirangan

Answer 132

1. **World Malaria Day (WMD)** is observed annually on April 25 across the globe as an initiative of the World Health Organization (WHO) to raise awareness, mobilize resources, and promote actions aimed at the prevention, control, and elimination of malaria. The theme for WMD 2025 is “Malaria Ends With Us: Reinvest, Reimagine, Reignite”, aiming to re-energize efforts at all levels, from global policy to community action, to accelerate progress towards malaria elimination. In 2025, the WHO joins forces with the Roll Back Malaria (RBM) Partnership to End Malaria. 2. **The United Nations (UN)’s International Delegate’s Day** is annually observed across the world on 25th April, to raise awareness of the role of the representatives and delegates of the Member States to the UN. 25 April 2025 marks the observance of the 6th International Delegate’s Day. 3. **World Penguin Day** is observed annually across the globe on 25th April every year to raise awareness about the environmental struggles and conservation for their survival.

Answer 133

Madhya Pradesh (MP) * The state government of MP had already received investment proposals worth Rs 10,000 crore, reflecting strong interest from the industrial sector. About PM-MITRA Park Project: i. It is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme (CSS), announced by Union Minister Nirmala Sitharaman, Ministry of Finance (MoF) in the Union Budget for Financial Year 2021-22 (FY22). ii. The Government of India (GoI) had allocated Rs 4,445 crore for the implementation of the scheme for 7 years up to FY28. iii. The GoI had announced 7 sites across 7 Indian states namely, Tamil Nadu (TN) (Virudhnagar), Telangana (Warangal), Gujarat (Navsari), Karnataka (Kalaburagi), Madhya Pradesh (MP) (Dhar), Uttar Pradesh (UP (Lucknow) and Maharashtra (Amravati) for setting up of PM MITRA Parks.

Answer 134

Science and Technology (MoS&T)

Answer 135

Bhubaneswar (Odisha) * The aim of the collaboration is to strengthen cooperation in critical mineral processing and sustainable resource development.

Answer 136

Sri Madhusudhan Sai * The previous recipients of the ‘Companion of the Order of Fiji’ include Prime Minister (PM) Narendra Modi in 2023 and President of India Draupadi Murmu in 2024.

Answer 137

6 Note: India is signatory to the International Charter, which celebrates its 25th anniversary in 2025.

Answer 138

Anant M. Ambani

Answer 139

Cooperation in Space Medicine

Answer 140

Fali Sam Nariman

Answer 141

1. **World Veterinary Day (WVD)** is observed annually on the last Saturday of April worldwide to recognize the contributions of veterinarians in ensuring animal health, welfare, and public safety. The annual observance is led by the World Veterinary Association (WVA), a global federation of veterinary associations dedicated to advancing veterinary science. WVA announced the theme for World Veterinary Day 2025 as “Animal Health Takes a Team.” 2. **The United Nations (UN)’s International Chernobyl Disaster Remembrance Day** is annually observed across the globe on 26th April to commemorate the anniversary of the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear disaster. The day is observed to honour the victims and survivors of the Chernobyl disaster and to raise awareness about its long-lasting impacts. 26th April 2025 marks the 39th anniversary of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster. 3. **World Intellectual Property Day (World IP Day)** is observed annually across the globe on April 26 to raise awareness about how IP rights, such as patents, copyrights, trademarks, and designs, influence daily life and to celebrate creativity and innovation. The date marks the enforcement of the Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), came into force in 1970. The theme for World IP Day 2025 is “Music and IP: Feel the Beat of IP.”

Answer 142

Dr. A. Jayathilak

Answer 143

Electronics Component Manufacturing Scheme (ECMS) i. Union Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw, highlighted the growth of electronics production which grew five-fold, exports have grown more than six-fold, compound annual growth rate (CAGR) exceeding 20% for exports and over 17% for production. Mobile phones, servers, laptops and IT hardware have progressed stronger ii. Highlighting India’s advances in emerging technologies, 350 datasets have already been uploaded on AI Kosh, a unified repository for datasets tools and Artificial Intelligence (AI) models. Note: India’s electronics production has surpassed Rs 11 lakh crore (USD129 million) annually. The country is targeting USD300 billion by 2026 and USD500 billion by 2030-31 in domestic electronics production

Answer 144

Sarvam * Sarvam, backed by Lightspeed Venture Partners, Khosla Ventures and Peak XV Partners, is the first start-up to get approved for Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs). - As part of Sarvam’s LLM proposal, the company is developing three model variants: * Sarvam – Large for advanced reasoning and generation * Sarvam – Small for real-time interactive applications * Sarvam – Edge for compact on-device tasks - Sarvam is also collaborating with AI4Bharat, a research lab at Chennai (Tamil Nadu, TN) based Indian Institute Of Technology–Madras (IIT–Madras), a leader in Indian language AI research, to develop these models.

Answer 145

Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre (I4C)

Answer 146

Swiggy Instamart - As per the agreement, products under Bharat Organics and other Cooperative dairy products will be available on Swiggy’s e-commerce platforms and q-commerce platforms. * Swiggy will create a dedicated “Cooperative” category on its platform, featuring organic products, dairy, millets, handicraft and other items developed by cooperative organizations. - The partnership aims to support cooperative brands in marketing, promotion consumer technology and capacity building. - This MOU also coincides with the United Nations’ declaration of 2025 as the ‘International Year of Cooperation’.

Answer 147

“Strengthening the Cooperation of the Global South for More Inclusive and Sustainable Governance”

Answer 148

‘Revive Our Ocean’ * A new initiative is supported by the renowned British naturalist David Attenborough. It is built on three main pillars: Inspire, Enable, and Equip.

Answer 149

Uganda * This was Uganda’s 2nd Ebola outbreak in less than 3 years, confirmed on 30 January 2025. * The Ebola strain that has been contained in Uganda was of the SVD subtype. In past outbreaks, SVD killed 4 in 10 of the people infected. i. SVD is a severe disease caused by a virus, Sudan virus (SUDV), belonging to the same family as the Ebola Virus (EBOV). SUDV was first identified in southern Sudan in June 1976. ii. Before this outbreak, there had been 8 previous outbreaks caused by the SUDV, with 5 occurring in Uganda and 3 in Sudan. Uganda last reported an outbreak of SVD in 2022.

Answer 150

canvas ; 375

Answer 151

Khunying Patama Leeswadtrakul * With this, Leeswadtrakul becomes the second woman to serve as president of the sport’s global governing body, after China’s Lu Shengrong, who held the position from 1993 to 2001. * She succeeds Poul-Erik Høyer Larsen of Denmark, whose 12-year tenure has come to an end. Høyer was honored with the title of Honorary Life Vice President by the BWF membership at the BWF AGM.

Answer 152

Neeraj Kumar Gupta * Gupta officially assumed the role on April 19, 2025

Answer 153

**World Day for Safety and Health at Work** is observed annually across the globe on April 28 to promote safe workplaces, reduce work-related accidents and diseases, and advocate for Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) standards globally. The annual observance of the Day is spearheaded by the International Labour Organization (ILO), a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN), dedicated to promoting social justice and advancing internationally recognized human and labour rights. The Focus of World Day for Safety and Health at Work 2025 is “Revolutionising Health and Safety: The Role of AI and Digitalisation at Work“.

Answer 154

K. Ramakrishna Rao * In addition to his new role, Ramakrishna Rao will continue to hold Full Additional Charge (FAC) as Special Chief Secretary of the Finance Department till further orders

Answer 155

34 i. These 34 supercomputers have been set up at top academic and research institutions such as Indian Institute of science (IISc), Institute of Information Technology (IITs), C-DAC, and also in several institutions from Tier-II and Tier-III cities. ii. They are being used extensively, with more than 85% of their capacity in use—some even exceeding 95%, showing how efficiently they are performing. iii. Over 10,000 researchers have used these systems, completing 1 crore tasks and publishing more than 1,500 papers in key scientific fields. Start-ups and MSMEs are also using these facilities to drive innovation in their projects

Answer 156

BVR Subrahmanyam

Answer 157

National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG) * With this recognition, the NMCG has become eligible for IT exemption under clause (46A) of Section 10 of the Income Tax Act, 1961, starting from the Assessment Year (AY) 2024–25. - The exemption has been granted as NMCG meets the criteria under sub-clause (a) of clause (46A), which allows exemption for entities established under a Central or State Act and are engaged in environmental conservation, sustainable development, or public welfare activities.

Answer 158

Amitesh Kumar Sinha * Sinha will oversee the Phase-II rollout of ISM, focusing on semiconductor fabrication, packaging, and design-linked incentives (DLI).

Answer 159

Tejpaul Bhatia

Answer 160

Gunjan Soni

Answer 161

Shaji Neelakandan Karunakaran

Answer 162

Jair da Costa

Answer 163

1. **International Dance Day, also known as World Dance Day**, is celebrated annually across the globe on April 29 to raise public awareness about dance as an important art form, cultural expression, and educational tool. It also emphasizes the need for governments and educational institutions to integrate dance into the primary and higher education curriculum. The observance is promoted by the Paris (France) based International Dance Council (CID) and the Shanghai (China) based International Theatre Institute (ITI), in association with the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).

April 13th ~ Flashcards

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