Apush Flashcards
(224 cards)
1
Q
What was the Red Scare in the 1950s?
A
A period of intense anti-communist suspicion and persecution, fueled by McCarthyism.
2
Q
What was McCarthyism?
A
The practice of making accusations of subversion or treason without proper evidence, led by Senator Joseph McCarthy.
3
Q
What landmark Supreme Court case desegregated schools in 1954?
A
Brown v. Board of Education.
4
Q
What were the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965?
A
Laws that ended segregation and protected voting rights for African Americans.
5
Q
What was Johnson’s Great Society?
A
A set of domestic programs aimed at eliminating poverty and racial injustice, including Medicare and Medicaid.
6
Q
What was Roe v. Wade (1973)?
A
A Supreme Court decision legalizing abortion nationwide.
7
Q
What was the focus of Reagan’s domestic policies in the 1980s?
A
Reducing government size, cutting taxes, and promoting conservative social values.
8
Q
What was the containment policy during the Cold War?
A
A U.S. strategy to prevent the spread of communism, often through military and economic aid.
9
Q
What was the Space Race?
A
A competition between the U.S. and USSR to achieve milestones in space exploration, culminating in the moon landing in 1969.
10
Q
What was the Cuban Missile Crisis?
A
A 13-day confrontation in 1962 when the U.S. discovered Soviet missiles in Cuba, bringing the world close to nuclear war.
11
Q
What was the outcome of the Vietnam War?
A
The U.S. withdrew in 1973; South Vietnam fell to communism in 1975.
12
Q
What was détente?
A
A period of eased Cold War tensions under Nixon, marked by arms control agreements and diplomacy.
13
Q
How did Reagan contribute to the end of the Cold War?
A
By increasing military spending, pressuring the USSR economically, and negotiating with Gorbachev.
14
Q
What was Reaganomics?
A
Economic policies focused on tax cuts, deregulation, and reduced government spending to stimulate growth.
15
Q
What did the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956 accomplish?
A
It created the interstate highway system, boosting transportation and the economy.
16
Q
What was LBJ’s role in civil rights?
A
He signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965, advancing racial equality.
17
Q
What was the Tet Offensive?
A
A major 1968 attack by North Vietnam that turned U.S. public opinion against the Vietnam War.
18
Q
What characterized the U.S. economy from 1950-1970?
A
A long boom with rising incomes, consumerism, and growth in service jobs.
19
Q
What caused stagflation in the 1970s?
A
High inflation, stagnant growth, and the OPEC oil embargo.
20
Q
What was the impact of the OPEC oil embargo?
A
It caused fuel shortages and skyrocketing prices, worsening inflation.
21
Q
What was the Reagan Boom?
A
Economic recovery in the 1980s driven by tax cuts and deregulation, despite initial recession.
22
Q
What was the significance of Brown v. Board of Education (1954)?
A
It overturned ‘separate but equal’ and mandated school desegregation.
23
Q
What did Miranda v. Arizona (1966) establish?
A
The requirement for police to inform suspects of their rights (‘Miranda rights’).
24
Q
What was the counterculture movement of the 1960s-1970s?
A
A youth-led rejection of traditional values, advocating for civil rights, peace, and personal freedom.
25
What was the Feminist Movement's major achievement in the 1970s?
Legalizing abortion (Roe v. Wade) and banning sex discrimination in education (Title IX).
26
What was the Reagan Revolution?
A conservative shift in politics emphasizing smaller government, traditional values, and anti-communism.
27
What was the Gulf War (1990-1991)?
A U.S.-led coalition war to expel Iraq from Kuwait, marking post-Cold War global involvement.
28
What was NAFTA?
A 1994 trade agreement between the U.S., Canada, and Mexico to promote free trade.
29
What was the impact of the Vietnam War on U.S. society?
It fueled distrust in government, led to protests, and prompted the War Powers Act (1973).
30
What was MLK Jr.'s role in the Civil Rights Movement?
He led nonviolent protests (e.g., Montgomery Bus Boycott, March on Washington) and inspired landmark legislation.
31
What was the significance of the Pentagon Papers?
They revealed government deception about Vietnam, deepening public distrust.
32
What was Betty Friedan's contribution to feminism?
Her book 'The Feminine Mystique' sparked the second wave, leading to NOW and feminist reforms.
33
What was Watergate?
A 1970s scandal involving Nixon's cover-up of a break-in, leading to his resignation and eroded public trust.
34
What was the Proclamation of 1763?
A British order banning colonial settlement west of the Appalachians, angering colonists.
35
What was the Stamp Act (1765)?
A tax on printed materials that sparked colonial protests over 'taxation without representation.'
36
What was the Boston Tea Party?
A 1773 protest where colonists dumped British tea into the harbor to oppose taxes.
37
What was the Declaration of Independence (1776)?
The document declaring U.S. independence, written by Jefferson, citing natural rights and British abuses.
38
What were the Articles of Confederation?
The first U.S. government framework (1781-1789), which was weak due to lack of federal power.
39
What was Shays' Rebellion (1786-1787)?
A farmer uprising highlighting the Articles' weaknesses, spurring the Constitutional Convention.
40
What was the Great Compromise?
A deal creating a bicameral Congress (House by population, Senate equal for states).
41
What was the Three-Fifths Compromise?
It counted enslaved people as 3/5 of a person for representation and taxation.
42
What was Hamilton's financial plan?
Establishing a national bank, assuming state debts, and promoting industry via tariffs.
43
What was the Whiskey Rebellion?
A 1794 uprising against a federal tax, crushed by Washington to assert government authority.
44
What were the Alien and Sedition Acts?
Laws under Adams restricting immigration and criticism of government, seen as unconstitutional.
45
What was the Louisiana Purchase (1803)?
Jefferson's acquisition of French land, doubling U.S. size and enabling westward expansion.
46
What was the Embargo Act of 1807?
A ban on U.S. trade with Europe, hurting the economy but boosting domestic manufacturing.
47
What was the War of 1812's outcome?
No territorial changes, but it boosted U.S. nationalism and weakened Native resistance.
48
What was the Monroe Doctrine (1823)?
A policy warning Europe against colonization in the Americas, asserting U.S. influence.
49
What was the Missouri Compromise (1820)?
Admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as free, banning slavery north of 36°30'.
50
What was Jacksonian Democracy?
Expanding voting rights to white men without property, emphasizing the 'common man.'
51
What was the Indian Removal Act (1830)?
Forced relocation of Native Americans (e.g., Trail of Tears) to lands west of the Mississippi.
52
What was nullification?
Calhoun's theory that states could reject federal laws, leading to a crisis over tariffs.
53
What was the Seneca Falls Convention (1848)?
The first women's rights meeting, demanding suffrage and equality in the Declaration of Sentiments.
54
What was Manifest Destiny?
The belief that the U.S. was destined to expand westward, justifying territorial acquisition.
55
What was the Mexican-American War's result?
The U.S. gained California and the Southwest via the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848).
56
What was the Compromise of 1850?
Admitted California as free, strengthened Fugitive Slave Act, and delayed slavery disputes.
57
What was 'Bleeding Kansas'?
Violence over slavery after the Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) allowed popular sovereignty.
58
What was the Dred Scott decision (1857)?
A ruling that enslaved people were property, not citizens, and Congress couldn't ban slavery in territories.
59
What was Lincoln's goal in the Civil War?
Preserve the Union, later adding emancipation via the Emancipation Proclamation (1863).
60
What was the 13th Amendment (1865)?
It abolished slavery in the U.S., except as punishment for a crime.
61
What was Reconstruction?
The post-Civil War era (1865-1877) focused on rebuilding the South and integrating freed slaves.
62
What were Black Codes?
Laws restricting African Americans' freedom, prompting Radical Reconstruction as a response.
63
What was the 14th Amendment?
Granted citizenship and equal protection under the law to all born in the U.S. (1868).
64
What was the 15th Amendment?
Granted African American men the right to vote (1870), though enforcement was weak.
65
What was sharecropping?
A system trapping freedmen in debt by renting land in exchange for crops, perpetuating poverty.
66
What was Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)?
Upheld 'separate but equal' segregation, legalizing Jim Crow laws until 1954.
67
What was the Transcontinental Railroad?
Completed in 1869, it linked the U.S. coasts, boosting trade and western settlement.
68
What was the Gilded Age?
A period of industrial growth (1870s-1900) marked by wealth inequality and political corruption.
69
What was Social Darwinism?
The belief that wealth reflected fitness, justifying inequality and opposing government intervention.
70
What was the Populist Movement?
A farmer-led revolt against banks and railroads, advocating for silver currency and reforms.
71
What was the Progressive Era?
A reform period (1890s-1920s) targeting corruption, monopolies, and social injustices.
72
What was the Sherman Antitrust Act (1890)?
A law banning monopolistic practices, though initially weakly enforced.
73
What was the Spanish-American War (1898)?
A conflict granting the U.S. territories like Puerto Rico and the Philippines.
74
What was the Open Door Policy?
A U.S. call for equal trade access in China, preventing colonial domination (1899).
75
What was muckraking?
Investigative journalism exposing corruption (e.g., Upton Sinclair's 'The Jungle').
76
What was the Square Deal?
Teddy Roosevelt's agenda balancing business, consumer, and labor interests.
77
What was the Federal Reserve Act (1913)?
It created a central banking system to regulate the economy and prevent panics.
78
What was the 19th Amendment?
Granted women the right to vote in 1920, culminating the suffrage movement.
79
What caused the Great Depression?
Stock market crash (1929), bank failures, overproduction, and unequal wealth distribution.
80
What was the New Deal?
FDR's programs (e.g., Social Security, TVA) to combat the Depression via federal intervention.
81
What was the Dust Bowl?
A 1930s ecological disaster in the Great Plains, worsening rural poverty and migration.
82
What was the Lend-Lease Act (1941)?
Allowed the U.S. to supply Allies pre-Pearl Harbor, signaling an end to isolationism.
83
What was D-Day?
The 1944 Allied invasion of Normandy, a turning point in WWII against Nazi Germany.
84
What was the Manhattan Project?
The secret U.S. program developing atomic bombs, used on Hiroshima and Nagasaki (1945).
85
What was the Truman Doctrine?
A 1947 policy pledging U.S. aid to nations resisting communism, starting the Cold War.
86
What was the Marshall Plan?
U.S. funding to rebuild postwar Europe, preventing communism and fostering trade (1948-1952).
87
What was NATO?
A 1949 military alliance of Western nations to counter Soviet aggression.
88
What was the Korean War (1950-1953)?
A conflict ending in stalemate, cementing Cold War divisions at the 38th parallel.
89
What was the Bay of Pigs Invasion?
A failed 1961 CIA-backed coup in Cuba, strengthening Castro's regime.
90
What was the Berlin Wall?
A barrier built in 1961 to stop East Germans fleeing to the West, a Cold War symbol.
91
What was the Great Society?
LBJ's 1960s programs (e.g., Medicare, Head Start) to reduce poverty and inequality.
92
What was the Tet Offensive?
A 1968 Viet Cong attack that eroded U.S. support for the Vietnam War.
93
What was the Watergate scandal?
Nixon's cover-up of a 1972 break-in, leading to his 1974 resignation.
94
What was the Camp David Accords?
A 1978 peace treaty between Egypt and Israel, brokered by Carter.
95
What was Reagan's 'Star Wars' program?
A missile defense initiative (SDI) that pressured the USSR to spend on military tech.
96
What was the Iran-Contra Affair?
A 1980s scandal involving illegal arms sales to Iran to fund Nicaraguan rebels.
97
What was the fall of the Berlin Wall (1989)?
A symbol of communism's collapse, leading to German reunification.
98
What was the Gulf War (1990-1991)?
A U.S.-led coalition expelled Iraq from Kuwait, showcasing post-Cold War power.
99
What was NAFTA?
A 1994 trade agreement between the U.S., Canada, and Mexico to reduce barriers.
100
What was the Clinton impeachment?
Charges of perjury and obstruction in 1998 over the Lewinsky scandal; he was acquitted.
101
What was the Columbine shooting (1999)?
A mass school shooting that intensified debates over gun control and bullying.
102
What was the 2000 election controversy?
Bush v. Gore halted Florida's recount, giving Bush the presidency via Supreme Court ruling.
103
What was the 9/11 attacks' impact?
Led to the War on Terror, Patriot Act, and invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq.
104
What was the Great Recession (2008)?
A global crisis triggered by U.S. housing market collapse and banking failures.
105
What was the Affordable Care Act (2010)?
Obama's healthcare reform expanding coverage but facing political opposition.
106
What was the Tea Party movement?
A conservative push for smaller government, opposing Obama's policies post-2008.
107
What was the Black Lives Matter movement?
A campaign against police brutality and systemic racism, gaining momentum post-2013.
108
What was the COVID-19 pandemic's effect?
A global health crisis causing economic shutdowns, remote work, and vaccine development.
109
What was the January 6th Capitol riot?
A 2021 attack by Trump supporters seeking to overturn the election results.
110
What was the Inflation Reduction Act (2022)?
A law addressing climate change, healthcare costs, and corporate taxes.
111
What was the significance of Sputnik (1957)?
The first artificial satellite, launched by the USSR, sparking the Space Race.
112
What was the significance of the 1969 moon landing?
Apollo 11's success fulfilled JFK's goal and showcased U.S. technological superiority.
113
What was the significance of the Montgomery Bus Boycott?
A 1955-1956 protest led by MLK, ending bus segregation and inspiring civil rights tactics.
114
What was the significance of the March on Washington?
A 1963 rally where MLK gave his 'I Have a Dream' speech, pressuring Congress to pass civil rights laws.
115
What was the significance of the Selma marches?
1965 protests for voting rights, leading to the Voting Rights Act after 'Bloody Sunday.'
116
What was the significance of the Stonewall riots?
A 1969 uprising against police raids, igniting the modern LGBTQ+ rights movement.
117
What was the significance of the EPA's creation?
Established in 1970 to regulate pollution, reflecting growing environmental awareness.
118
What was the significance of the ADA (1990)?
The Americans with Disabilities Act banned discrimination and mandated accessibility.
119
What was the significance of the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing?
A domestic terrorist attack fueling debates over anti-government extremism.
120
What was the significance of the 2008 election?
Obama became the first Black president, symbolizing racial progress.
121
What was the significance of the #MeToo movement?
A 2017 campaign exposing sexual harassment, leading to accountability in various industries.
122
What was the significance of the 2020 racial justice protests?
Global demonstrations after George Floyd's murder, demanding police reform and racial equity.
123
What was the significance of the 2021 infrastructure law?
A bipartisan bill funding roads, broadband, and clean energy, addressing long-neglected needs.
124
What was the significance of the Dobbs decision (2022)?
The Supreme Court overturned Roe v. Wade, ending federal abortion rights and sparking state-level battles.
125
What was the significance of the CHIPS Act (2022)?
A law boosting U.S. semiconductor production to compete with China and ease supply chains.
126
Okay
here are 200-300 flashcards in a Q&A format based on the content of the presentation:
127
Question
Answer
128
What was the Supreme Court case that ruled segregation in public schools unconstitutional?
Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
129
Which Supreme Court case did Brown v. Board of Education overturn?
Plessy v. Ferguson
130
What year did the Supreme Court rule against school-mandated prayer?
1962 (Engel v. Vitale)
131
What Supreme Court case ensured the right to legal counsel for all criminal defendants?
Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
132
In what year did the Supreme Court rule on the right to use contraceptives?
1965 (Griswold v. Connecticut)
133
What Supreme Court case ensured the right to remain silent for those accused of a crime?
Miranda v. Arizona (1966)
134
When was abortion legalized by the Supreme Court?
1973 (Roe v. Wade)
135
What Supreme Court case addressed desegregation plans and district lines?
Milliken v. Bradley (1974)
136
Who founded Standard Oil?
John D. Rockefeller
137
What type of integration did Standard Oil use to control the oil refining industry?
Horizontal integration
138
What percentage of U.S. oil refining did Standard Oil control?
Nearly 90%
139
What was one tactic used by Rockefeller to undercut competitors?
Secret railroad rebates
140
What act was a result of public backlash against Standard Oil?
Sherman Antitrust Act (1890)
141
What did the Sherman Antitrust Act aim to do?
Break up monopolies and regulate big business
142
Who invented the phonograph?
Thomas Edison
143
Who invented the motion picture camera?
Thomas Edison
144
Who invented the electric light bulb?
Thomas Edison
145
Where was Edison's first industrial research lab located?
Menlo Park
146
What company did Edison establish that became a major force in electric infrastructure?
Edison Electric Light Company (later General Electric)
147
What did Edison's inventions lead to?
Longer working hours
148
What revolution did Edison play a major role in launching?
Second Industrial Revolution
149
Who was the leader of Tammany Hall?
William "Boss" Tweed
150
What was Tammany Hall?
Democratic political machine that controlled New York City
151
How did Boss Tweed gain power?
Helping immigrants in exchange for votes
152
How much money did Boss Tweed steal from taxpayers (estimated)?
$30–200 million
153
Who exposed Boss Tweed's corruption?
Journalist Thomas Nast
154
What was the result of Boss Tweed's exposure?
He was arrested
155
What act was inspired by the demands for government accountability after Boss Tweed?
Pendleton Civil Service Act (1883)
156
What Supreme Court case upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation?
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
157
What legal doctrine was established in Plessy v. Ferguson?
“Separate but equal”
158
What kind of laws did Plessy v. Ferguson give legal backing to?
Jim Crow laws
159
What did Jim Crow laws enforce?
Segregation in schools
160
When was Plessy v. Ferguson overturned?
1954 (Brown v. Board of Education)
161
What years are considered the era of the Young Republic?
14246
162
What document was ratified in 1788?
The United States Constitution
163
What system of government did the Constitution establish?
Stronger federal government with separation of powers and checks and balances
164
Who is considered the "father of the constitution?"
James Madison
165
When was the Bill of Rights added to the Constitution?
1791
166
What do the Bill of Rights guarantee?
Individual freedoms
167
Who was the first president of the United States?
George Washington
168
What years did George Washington serve as president?
14124
169
What precedents did George Washington set?
Two-term limit and formation of a presidential cabinet
170
What did Washington warn against in his Farewell Address?
Political parties and entangling alliances
171
When did the first political parties develop?
1790s
172
Name the first two political parties in the U.S.
Federalists and Democratic-Republicans
173
Who led the Federalists?
Alexander Hamilton
174
What did the Federalists believe in?
Strong central government and commercial economy
175
Who led the Democratic-Republicans?
Thomas Jefferson and James Madison
176
What did the Democratic-Republicans favor?
States' rights and agriculture
177
What territory did Thomas Jefferson purchase from France?
Louisiana Territory
178
What year was the Louisiana Purchase?
1803
179
What did the Louisiana Purchase do to the size of the U.S.?
Doubled it
180
What expedition explored the Louisiana Purchase territory?
Lewis and Clark expedition
181
What was a major result of the Louisiana Purchase?
America's westward expansion
182
What were the 1950s characterized by in the U.S.?
Traditional values & consumerism
183
What helped drive the consumer-based economy of the 1950s?
Post War Economic Boom
184
What were some symbols of 1950s consumerism?
Rise of television
185
What was a key aspect of 1950s culture?
Traditional values centered on the nuclear family and the Bible
186
Who was a prominent figure in the rise of televangelism?
Billy Graham
187
What characterized the 1960s-1980s?
Counterculture & Progressivism
188
What fueled the counterculture movement?
Vietnam War
189
What major movements grew during this time?
Civil Rights Movement
190
What were two major legislative victories of the Civil Rights Movement?
Civil Rights Act and Voting Rights Act
191
What war did the Anti-War movement oppose?
Vietnam War
192
What were some consequences of Anti-War demonstrations?
Injuries and deaths
193
What were some landmark achievements of the Feminist Movement?
Title IX and Roe v. Wade
194
What was the shift in the 1980s called?
Reagan Revolution
195
What groups made up the Conservatives of the 1980s?
Neo-conservatives
196
What issues did the Conservatives oppose?
Abortion
197
What did Conservatives call for?
Return of traditional values
198
What was a major victory for Conservatives in the Supreme Court?
Reagan and Bush appointing 5 conservative justices
199
What characterized 1980s culture?
Economic upturn and materialism
200
What was a trend of the 1990s?
Increased globalism
201
What was a major instance of U.S. involvement in globalism in the 1990s?
Gulf War
202
What trade agreements were formed in the 1990s?
NAFTA and WTO
203
What was a consequence of these trade agreements?
Loss of American jobs
204
What political event showed the distrust and division of the 1990s?
Impeachment trial of Bill Clinton
205
What were some cultural developments of the 1990s?
Rise of hip hop and rap
206
What were the causes of the War of 1812?
British restrictions on U.S. trade and impressment of American sailors
207
What were the effects of the War of 1812?
Weakened Native American resistance and raised national pride
208
What treaty ended the War of 1812?
Treaty of Ghent
209
What era followed the War of 1812?
Era of Good Feelings
210
What happened to the U.S. economy in the early 19th century?
It grew rapidly
211
Who proposed a plan to stabilize national finances?
Alexander Hamilton
212
What did Hamilton's financial plan include?
National bank and assumption of state debts
213
What acts disrupted trade but encouraged domestic manufacturing?
Embargo Act of 1807 and War of 1812
214
What connected American regions economically?
Rise of market agriculture (especially cotton in the South)
215
What transportation developments helped connect markets?
Roads and canals
216
What did Hamilton's financial policies lay the cornerstone for?
American capitalism
217
What did the First Bank of the United States create?
Stable national currency
218
What did tariffs protect?
New industries
219
What was an example of an internal improvement after 1815?
National Road
220
What kind of Supreme Court cases were seen under Chief Justice John Marshall?
Cases that strengthened the federal government
221
What principle was established in Marbury v. Madison (1803)?
Judicial review
222
What did McCulloh v. Maryland (1819) confirm?
Constitutionality of the national bank and federal supremacy over states
223
What was Marbury v. Madison the first case to do?
Declare the Supreme Court's power to interpret the Constitution
224
What act was deemed unconstitutional in Marbury v. Madison?
Judiciary Act of 1789
