APUSH - Time Period 2 (1607-1754) Flashcards

Question

Corporate colonies Definition and Significance

Answer 1

Definition: aka charter colonies, settlements established by a charter granted to a joint-stock company or corporation by the English crown. The charter gave the company the authority to govern the colony and manage its affairs. Significance: They were governed according to the rules of their charter. They mainly wanted economic gain, so the companies would invest in the colony’s development so that they could get rich from trade and resources. EX: Virginia and Massachusetts. They laid the groundwork for future governance structures and colonial policies.

Answer 2

Definition: territories in the British Empire that were directly controlled by the monarchy with governance overseen by a royal governor appointed by the king. Significance: The king or queen had direct authority over the colony, and a royal governor was appointed to manage its affairs, usually with assistance of a royal council. Royal colonies typically had elected assemblies that could make local laws, but their powers were limited and subject to approval by the governor and the British crown. EX: Virginia after 1624, New York, and Georgia. They represented a more centralized form of control compared to proprietary or charter colonies reflecting the British crowns efforts to assert greater authority over colonial governance. This led to tensions between the colonies and England which eventually led to the American Revolution.

Answer 3

Definition: territories granted by the English crown to people who had been given the authority to govern and manage the colony. Significance: The proprieter/s had significant control over the colony. They could appoint governors and establish laws. EX: Pennsylvania (granted to William Penn) Maryland (granted to the Calvert family) and Delaware. Proprietors wanted to attract settlers by offering land and incentives which shaped the colony’s development.

Answer 4

Definition: more exports than imports Significance: Governments sought to maximize exports and minimize imports through tariffs, trade restrictions, and monopolies, so that they could get a favorable balance of trade. Colonies were a source of raw materials and markets for the mother country’s manufactured goods, reinforcing the economic dependency of colonies. Mercantilist policies usually involved heavy government intervention in the economy to regulate trade and protect national interests. It drove European powers to establish and expand colonies which were crucial to their economic strategies and wealth gain.

Answer 5

Definition: A series of laws enacted by the British Parliament that regulated colonial trade and ensure that trade benefited England. Significance: They controlled the trade in the Americas in order to follow the rules of mercantilism

Answer 6

Definition: 1689 a law passed by the British Parliament which granted religious freedom to nonconformists (Protestants who were not members of the Church of England) and Roman Catholics in England, though it still maintained the Church of England as the established church Significance: The Act allowed for the legal practice of religions other than Anglicanism, including various Protestant denominations, but did not extend full equality to Catholics or non-Christian religions. It was part of a broader effort to promote religious tolerance nad reduce religious conflicts in England, following the Glorious Revolution and the rise of William III. It excluded Catholics from holding public office and restricted some of their civil rights. It set a precedent for religious tolerance in Britain, influencing later laws and policies on religious freedom. It also contributed to the development of a more tolerate approach to religion, which influenced the American colonies’ attitudes towards religious freedom and diversity.

Answer 7

Definition: 1697-1746 A German-American printer and journalist who fought for freedom of the press in America. Significance: He was arrested for printing and publishing criticisms of the colonial governor of New york, William Cosby, which led to charges of seditious libel. His lawyer, Andrew Hamilton, argued that Zenger’s statements were based on truth and that criticism of government officials should not be punishable if the statements were factual. He was acquitted, nad the case set a precedent for the freedom of the press, affirming that the truth is a defense against charges of libel. It contributed to the First Amendment protections for freedom of the press.

Answer 8

Rocky soil, hilly terrain, and short growing season. They began shipbuilding, fishing, and trade. The harbors facilitated maritime commerce, and the forests provided timber for ships.

Answer 9

Fertile soil, mild climate, hills, and flatlands. The fertile soil supported extensive agriculture, leading to the development of large farms and staple crops (rye, wheat, barley). Known as “breadbasket” due to their grain production. They also traded and manufactured.

Answer 10

Rich, fertile soil and warm climate with a long growing season. They focused heavily on agriculture. All of the land and favorable climate made it idea for growing cash crops like tobacco, rice, and indigo. Plantation agriculture became the cornerstone of the Southern economy, with a reliance on enslaved labor.

Answer 11

has fertile soil and good climate for farming, especially around the Chesapeake Bay. Tobacco was the main crop and large plantations were common. Chesapeake Bay was used for shipping and fishing which boosted trade. location: South

Answer 12

Rocky soil, hilly terrain, short growing season. Rocky coast and natural harbors made fishing and shipbuilding important. Dense foresets provided timber for construction and shipbuilding. Farming was limited and included subsistence farming with farmers only growing enough for their own families. location: New England

Answer 13

Rocky soil, hilly terrain, short growing season. Natural harbors and timber resources supported a strong shipbuilding industry and active maritime trade. The coastline and fishing grounds made fishing a major economic activity. Subsistence farming and production of few grains and livestock. location: New England

Answer 14

Mild climate with fertile and rocky soil. The natural harbors supported a thriving shipbuilding industry and maritime trade. The coastal location made fishing an important part of the economy. Even though not as dominant, growing crops and raising livestock still took place. location: New England

Answer 15

Rocky terrain, hilly landscapes. Subsistence farming, livestock growth, manufacturing with water power from rivers that fueled small scale industries (textile mills and metal working) and the coastlines and rivers supported fishing, shipbuilding, and trade with other colonies location: New England

Answer 16

fertile Hudson River Valley, rolling hills, access to the Atlantic Ocean via the Hudson River and New York Harbor. The Hudson River Valley supported agriculture, wheat, corn, grains. Long Island and the Hudson Valley were productive. The natural harbor became a major hub for trade. It became a center for commerce, importing goods from Europe and exporting agricultural products to other colonies and the Caribbean. Shipbuilding and ironworking businesses popped up, and a diverse group of people came to live there. location: middle

Answer 17

Fertile coastal plains. Farmers grew wheat, corn, and vegetables. People raised cattle and ship for meat and wool. Iron ore in the northern part led to iron production for tools and nails. Coastal ports helped trade with other colonies and Europe, and craftsmen made pottery, furniture, and textiles for local use and trade. location: middle

Answer 18

Farmers used fertile land to grow crops like wheat, corn, and oats. They raised animals such as cattle and pigs. Rivers helped with trade and moving goods.Businesses made things like iron tools and textiles. location: middle

Answer 19

Farmers used fertile land along the coast to grow crops like corn, wheat, and tobacco. People raised animals like cattle and hogs. Fishing and trade along the delaware Bay brought in goods from other colonies and Europe. Towns like Lewes and Wilmington made ships using wood from nearby forests. Craftsmen in Wilmington made furniture, clothes, and metal items for people to use. location: middle

Answer 20

Farmers used fertile land along rivers like the James River to grow tobacco, which they sold for money. People on big farms used slaves to grow tobacco, wheat, and corn. Jamestown and Williamsburg traded tobacco with England and the Caribbean. Trees from the forests helped make ships, and people living in towns made furniture, clothes, and pottery for others to use. location: South

Answer 21

Farmers used fertile land to grow crops like tobacco, corn, and rice. People raised animals like cattle and pigs. Coastal towns such as Wilmington engaged in trade with other colonies and Europe. Timber from North Carolina’s forests was used for shipbuilding and furniture creation. Artisans in towns crafted tools, clothes, and pottery for local use and trade. location: South

Answer 22

Farmers used fertile land and a warm climate to grow cash crops like rice, indigo, and cotton. Plantations relied on enslaved labor to cultivate these crops. Coastal ports like Charleston became major hubs for trade, exporting agricultural products, and important goods from Europe and the Caribbean. South Carolina’s economy included industries such as shipbuilding and lumbering (using resources from its forests). Craftsmen in Charleston made pottery, furniture, and textiles for local use and trade. location: South

Answer 23

Farmers used fertile land to grow crops like rice, indigo, and cotton. People raised cattle and pigs. Savannah, the main port, traded goods with other colonies and Europe. Georgia’s forests provided timber for building ships and making furniture. Craftsmen in Savannah made tools, clothes, and pottery. location: South

Answer 24

Virginia and Maryland

Answer 25

the White Europeans became interested in moving to this area. They began going to Chesapeake because they sought riches and wealth through the growth of crops and participating in trade. As time went by, more and more Europeans began to move into Chesapeake, and the White population increased in that area.

Answer 26

when the White Europeans moved there, they drove all of the Native Americans out. The Europeans wanted to use all of the land for themselves, and had no intention of sharing. Therefore, they caused a decrease in the Native American population. They also brought several diseases that completely wiped out the Native American population.

Answer 27

because White Europeans began to bring slaves to do their labor. Europeans began to farm, and needed people to carry out their farming duties for their. So they decided to transport Africans by ship on the Middle Passage, which lead to an increase in the Black population of Chesapeake.

Answer 28

The English would colonize through farming. They would send many people to get land, then populate their new areas. They had a bad relationship with the Native Americans. On the other hand, the French and Spanish colonized through trade alliances. They also had a good relationship with the Native Americans, and would marry them in order to send their products back to Europe. However, the English, French, and Spanish all did not interact with the Europeans much in order to colonize.

Answer 29

The defeat of the Spanish Armada led to England being known as a large naval power. This led to their population increasing, and the economy weakening. This led to people moving to the Americas for more economic opportunity.

Answer 30

A political cause for Jamestown’s struggles was having conflict with the Native Americans. They would trade with them for food and resources. However, when they would have issues with them, the trade between them would stop and the people of Jamestown would have no resources to live. An economic issue is that people would begin to seek gold, so they would stop hunting and farming. This also led to a lack of food, trade, and much starvation.

Answer 31

Both Jamestown and Plymouth colonies were on Indian soil, grew tobacco, traded with the Indians, and had joint-stock companies. Pilgrims came to America to establish Plymouth, because they wanted to be independent from the Church of England. Jamestown became a Royal Colony because the Virginia company became in debt, so King James I took over.

Answer 32

In both Virginia and New England, only male property owners could vote, females and landless had few rights, slaves had no rights, governors had unlimited power, and democratic and anti-democratic practices existed in both. In Virginia, the Virginia Company gave the same rights as the residents of England. In 1619, the first representative assembly in America (House of Burgesses) was assembled there. In New England, the people had self government, male puritans could participate in the yearly elections, and the Pilgrims made a document stating that they would make decisions based on majority. (Mayflower Compact) In my opinion, they seem to be more similar than different.

Answer 33

To escape religious persecution from England.

Answer 34

They usually attended village events and church. The Sabbath or Sunday was a high point of the week. Mostly puritan except Rhode Island and were very religious. The clergy was highly educated and devoted to the study and teaching of both Scripture and the natural sciences.

Answer 35

The New England colonies had rocky soil, which was not good for plantation farming, so the New England colonies depended on fishing, lumbering, and subsistence farming.

Answer 36

The government of the New England colonies was theocratic/religiously based. Only men could participate in the government, and they had to attend the church to do so.

Answer 37

Founded as trade centers, while Pennsylvania was founded as a haven for Quakers.

Answer 38

Society in the middle colonies was varied, cosmopolitan, and tolerant. The middle colonies had a mixture of religions, including Quakers (who founded Pennsylvania), Catholics, Lutherans, a few Jews, and others.

Answer 39

Largely agricultural, farms in this region grew grains and oats. Logging, shipbuilding, textiles production, and papermaking were also important in the Middle Colonies.

Answer 40

The government in the middle colonies was democratic and elected their own legislatures. The governments were Proprietary, meaning they governed land granted by the King.

Answer 41

Find gold, land, and other valuable stuff to send back to the London Company.

Answer 42

The Chesapeake lacked a unifying religion; people practiced Catholicism, Anglicanism, Quakerism, and other Christian religions. Both the Chesapeake and Southern colonies were made up of a majority of single, young, white men who worked as indentured servants. After Bacon's Rebellion, the Chesapeake and Southern colonies moved towards using enslaved laborers brought from West Africa. Mostly Protestant.

Answer 43

Environment that was perfect for crops such as tobacco and rice, which lead to a strong economy.

Answer 44

A governor and a council appointed by the crown, and an assembly or house of representatives that was elected by the people.

Answer 45

Economic prosperity they could not find in Old England. The English countryside provided a grand existence of stately manors and high living.

Answer 46

Most colonists lived on small family farms, but some owned large plantations that produced cash crops such as tobacco and rice. Many slaves worked on plantations. Most people in the Southern Colonies were Anglican (Baptist or Presbyterian).

Answer 47

Had rich soil and temperate climates which made large-scale plantation farming possible. Had an agriculture-based economy in which cash crops like tobacco, indigo, and cotton were cultivated for trade.

Answer 48

A governor and a council appointed by the crown, and an assembly or house of representatives that was elected by the people.

Answer 49

These colonies brought in gold, and other European powers, most specifically England, the Netherlands, and France, hoped to establish profitable colonies of their own.

Answer 50

Religion in the Caribbean was an integral part of both the white and black societies during periods of emancipation and afterwards. European missionary groups like the Baptists, Moravians, Quakers, and the Catholics brought Christianity to the islands.

Answer 51

in terms of agriculture, the islands changed from small farms producing cash crops of tobacco and cotton with the labor of a few servants and slaves--often indistinguishable--to large plantations requiring vast expanses of land and enormous capital outlays to create sugarcane fields and factories.

Answer 52

Like the mainland North American colonies (and Bermuda), these territories had representative assemblies based on the bicameral system of the mother country. Each colony had a governor who represented the monarch, an appointed upper house, and an elected lower house.

Answer 53

The subject of this sermon is that the Puritan people should behave as good people because they are an example to the world, since everyone else is watching them. They also should not turn their backs on God, because He can help them through everything and bless them.

Answer 54

Winthrop advises his fellow colonists to do justice, love mercy, walk humbly with God, work together, and love each other as brothers. Having all of these traits makes them good citizens to spectators of their colony.

Answer 55

Winthrop’s speech was important for success because it enforced Puritan beliefs and ideas in the colony, which emphasized religious focus in Massachusetts. The speech also showed the importance of having good behavior as a group, because the rest of the world would watch and follow their example.

APUSH - Time Period 2 (1607-1754) Flashcards

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