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APUSH UNIT 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

William Seward

A

Advocate of the Monroe Doctrine

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2
Q

Monroe Doctrine

A

Warns European nations that the US would not tolerate further colonization or puppet monarchs

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3
Q

French in Mexico

A

force the collection of Mexican debts in conjunction with Great Britain and Spain

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4
Q

Alaska Purchase

A

US purchased Alaska from Russia. Ended Russia’s presence in North America

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5
Q

Pan-American Conference

A

Various meetings between representatives if some or all independent states of the Western Hemisphere. Wanted to create and encourage more diplomatic, political, and economic cooperation in the Americas

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6
Q

Venezuela boundary dispute

A

Venezuela argued the Essequibo river was the true dividing line between Venezuela and British guiana

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7
Q

Hawaii, Pearl Harbor, Liliuokalani

A

Bombs on pearls harbor (US military base) caused the US to join WW2

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8
Q

International Darwinism

A

within any population, the fittest individuals are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on their genetic traits to future generations

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9
Q

Business and imperialist competitors

A

Many people in the Republican party were closely allied with business leaders. These republican politicians endorsed the use of imperialism to search for new markets

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10
Q

Spreading science and religion

A

New tech and nationalistic tendencies (protestant)

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11
Q

Josiah Strong

A

advocate for American expansion. Believed that protestant Americans had a duty to spread Christianity and the benefit of their superior civilization

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12
Q

Spanish-American War

A

ended spain’s colonial empire in the Western hemisphere and secured the position of the US as a pacific power

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12
Q

Teller Amendment

A

the US would not not annex Cuba after the Spanish-American War and advocated for Cuban independence

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13
Q

Platt Amendment

A

Allowed the US to intervene in Cuban affairs, maintain a military presence, and control Guantanamo Bay

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13
Q

Open Door Policy

A

Aimed to ensure all countries could trade equally in China, preventing any single nation gaining exclusive control over Chinese markets

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13
Q

Philippines War

A

The US rejected Filipino claims of independence. the Filipino nationalists sought independence rather than a change in colonial rulers

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14
Q

Spheres of influence

A

the power or influence that one country has in a foreign territory

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15
Q

Big Stick Diplomacy

A

Negotiating peacefully but also having strength in case things go wrong

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16
Q

Dollar Diplomacy

A

a policy whereby american influence would be exerted primarily by American banks and financial interests

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17
Q

Great White Fleet

A

Theodore Roosevelt ordered to showcase American naval power, promote diplomacy, and assert the US as a major world naval force

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18
Q

Moral Diplomacy

A

an approach that involves providing support only to countries with similar moral beliefs

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19
Q

Tampico Incident

A

Almost led to the outbreak of war between the US and Mexico, began with the arrest of 9 American sailors from the USS Dolphin on Mexican territory (tampico) for allegedly entering a prohibited area

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20
Q

Urban Middle Class

A

Consumerist lifestyles, credit, stock market, etc

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21
Q

William James

A

founder of psychology

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22
Fredrick Taylor
scientific management: a system that improved industrial efficency
23
John Dewey
new type of education, human beings learn through a 'hands-on' approach
24
Muckrakers
journalists and novelists of the progressive era who sought to expose corruption in big business and government
25
Municipal reform
changes in city governments made to encourage greater efficiency, honesty, and responsiveness
26
Commission plan, city manager plan
combines the strong political leadership of elected officials with the strong managerial experience of an appointed manager or administrator
27
initiative, referendum, recall
Powers to reserve to the people, these three powers are reserved to enable to voters by petition, to propose, or repeal
28
Direct primary
a form of election in which voters directly choose a political party's candidate for office
29
Robert LaFollette
supported progressive reform measures
30
Regulatory commissions
ensure accountability by establishing rules and regulations that federal agencies and industries must follow
31
Carrie Chapman Catt
expansion of women's rights around the world and international peace
32
Alice Paul
advocated for and helped secure passage of the 19th amendment to the US Constitution (women's right to vote)
33
National Women's party
Wanted women suffrage and focused on passing an equal rights amendment
34
19th amendment
Womens right to vote
35
League of Women Voters
Vote for woman's right to vote
36
Margaret Sanger
supported the birth control movement in the US and opened the first birth control clinic in the country
37
Committee on Public Information
created by President Wilson to help control all war related news and promote the war effort at home
38
George Creel
served as the head of the United States Committee on Public Information
39
Anti-German hysteria
fear or dislike of Germany, its people, and its culture
40
Espionage Act (1917)
The Act made it a crime to convey information intended to interfere with the war effort
41
Sedition Act (1918)
imposed harsh freedom-of-speech restrictions in order to sustain domestic war propaganda and suppress public opposition to the war (during the wilson era)
42
Eugene Debs
socialists, 5x time candidate for socialists for president and one of the founding fathers of IWW (industrial workers of the world)
43
Schneck v United States
defined the limits of free speech. The Supreme Court decided that words which are intended to create a 'clear and present danger' can be regulated by the government to protect public safety
44
"He kept us our of war" Election of 1916
advocating for military preparedness and neutrality during wilson relection
45
Zimmerman Telegram
Germany pledged to ensure the return of New Mexico, Texas, and Arizona to Mexico if Mexico declared war on the United States
46
Sussex Pledge, Lusitania
a statement by the Germans that they would not sink passenger ships without warning during World War I. kept the United States a neutral country
47
Russian Revolution
A brutal civil war erupted between the “Reds” (Bolsheviks) and the “Whites” (anti-communists). The revolution ushered in a new era of communism
48
Woodrow Wilson, 14 points
trade equality, ending of secrete treaties, and alliances, freedom of the seas, and the establishment of the League of Nations (WORLD PEACE)
49
League of Nation
to promote disarmament, to prevent war through collective discussion and negotiation when conflicts arise, and to improve global welfare (US did not join)
50
Henry Cabot Lodge, Irrecconcilables
a group of 12 to 18 United States Senators who opposed the United States ratifying the Treaty of Versailles
51
Rejection of Treaty of Versailles
concerns about the League of Nations could potentially force the U.S. into unwanted foreign conflicts without Congressional approval
52
Red scare, palmer raids
many in the United States feared recent immigrants and dissidents, particularly those who embraced communist, socialist, or anarchist ideology
52
racial segregation
Jim crow laws
53
Booker T Washington
civil rights leader who fought for Black progress through education and entrepreneurship
54
W.E.B Du Bois, NAACP
Director of the NAACP and 1st AA to earn a PhD from Harvard
55
National Urban League
help African Americans and other minorities achieve economic and social justice and participate in all aspects of American life
56
Northern Migration
THE GREAT MIGRATION (AA FOR BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES)
57
Harlem Renaissance
a period of intense artistic and cultural activity by African Americans in the 1920s and 1930s (duke Ellington, Louis Armstrong, Bessie smith)
58
Marcus Garvey, "Back to Africa"
created the Black Star Line to act as the Black owned passenger line that would carry patrons back and forth to Africa
59
Black Pride
a movement which encourages black people to celebrate their respective cultures and embrace their African heritage
60
Business Prosperity
Rising earnings generated more disposable income for the purchase of consumer goods
61
Standard of living
automobiles and unprecedented prosperity
62
scientific management
focused on maximizing worker productivity by analyzing and standardizing work processes through time and motion studies
63
Henry Ford, assembly line
Mass production and most popular car of the model T
64
Open Shop
a place of employment where the employer was not to discriminate against a worker because that person was or was not a union member
65
Welfare Capitalism
a practice where companies proactively provided their employees with benefits like health insurance, pensions,etc to avoid labor unions
66
Consumerism
resulted in people buying things they didn't need and taking on debt they couldn't afford, which ultimately led to the stock market crash
67
Electric Appliances
vaccums, refrigerators, made work at home easier
68
Impact of the automobile
mass production, easier transportation, grow to the economy but also played a part in the crash
69
Black Tuesday
the stock market crashed starting the Great Depression
70
Buying on margin
investing with borrowed money (buying with credit)
71
Gross National Product
4.2 percent a year from 1920 to 1929 then dropped by the Great Depression
72
Federal Reserve
the U.S. central bank, establish a monetary system that could respond effectively to stresses in the banking system
73
Bank failures
the closing of a bank by a federal or state banking regulatory agency, happens when critically undercapitalized or is unable to meet its obligations to depositors and others
74
Hawley-Smoot Tariff
increased tariffs on foreign imports to the U.S. by about 20%. Over 25 countries responded by increasing their own tariffs on American goods
75
Debt moratorium
a delay in the payment of debts or obligations
76
Reconstruction Finance Corporation
loaned public money directly to various struggling businesses, with most of the funds allocated to banks, insurance companies, and railroads
76
Bonus March
The veterans marched on the nation's capital in an effort to secure their World War I bonuses early
77
FDR
president during world war 2 and the great depression. Was elected for 4 terms but only served for 3
78
FDR 3 R's
relief for the unemployed, recovery for businesses, and reform for economic institutions
79
Hundred Days
Shows the presidents first 100 days in office and what they have done so far
80
Bank Holiday
The US government closed all the banks until they were capable of reopening and supporting the American people
81
Fireside Chats
Where FDR would talk to the American people and keep them up to date
82
John Maynard Keynes
Keynesian economics is that government intervention can stabilize the economy
83
FDIC
Guaranteed individual bank deposits
84
AAA
Encouraged farmers to reduce production. Offered to pay gov't subsides for every acre they plowed under
85
CCC
employed young men to projects on fed lands and paid their families
86
TVA
a gov't corporation that developed power plants, controlled flooding, and sold electricity in the nations poorest regions
87
NRA
set codes for wages, working hours, level of production, and prices of finished goods
88
WPA
spent billions to provide people with jobs
89
Social security
Would pay people 65+, unemployed, disabled, and dependent children and their mothers, etc
90
Huey Long, Francic Townsend, Charles Coughlin
populist and supporters of the New Deal
91
Court-Packing
FDR wanted to pack the court with democrats, in order to pass things more easily, the people did not approve
92
Minimum Wage
set a minimum price that every American had to recieve, could increase could not decrease
93
Isolationism
national policy of avoiding political or economic entanglements with other countries
94
Nye Committee
investigate the dealings of the munitions industry and bankers and their reputed profits from promoting foreign wars
95
Neutrality Acts
a ban on the sale of American arms and munitions to any country at war (exceptions to cash and carry). also prohibited Americans from traveling to or on ships owned by belligerent nations
96
America 1st Committee
American isolationist pressure group against the United States' entry into World War II
97
Quarantine Speech
called for an international "quarantine" against the "epidemic of world lawlessness" by aggressive nations as an alternative to the political climate of American neutrality and non-intervention
98
Cash and Carry
Countries could buy products (war goods) from the US but could only purchase in cash
99
Lend-Lease
The United States would provide Great Britain with the supplies it needed to fight Germany, but would not insist upon being paid immediately
100
4 freedom speech
the freedom of speech, the freedom of worship, the freedom from want, and the freedom from fear, symbolized America's war aims and gave hope in the following years to a war
101
Oil and Steel embargo
placed on japan from American and angered Japanese government
102
Selective service
The draft
103
Big 3
FDR, Winston Churchill, Joseph Stalin
104
Casablanca Conference
coordinating Allied military strategy against the Axis powers over the course of the coming year
105
Unconditional Surrender
a surrender in which no guarantees, reassurances, or promises (i.e., conditions) are given to the surrendering party
106
Tehran
the big three leaders coordinated their military strategy against Germany and Japan and made a number of important decisions concerning the post World War II era
107
Yalta
discussed with Stalin the conditions the Soviet Union would enter the war against Japan and all three agreed that, in exchange for potentially crucial Soviet participation in the Pacific theater, the Soviets would be granted a sphere of influence in Manchuria
108
Potsdam
a meeting of Allied leaders in 1945 to decide how to end World War II and shape post-war Europe

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