Arachnida

Question 1

How to differentiate arachnida adults and nymphs from larvae?

Answer 1

Adults and nymphs 4 leg pairs

larvae 3 leg pairs

Question 2

Capituli of arachnida is composed of?

Answer 2

Gnathosoma has:
Palps
Hypostome
Chelicerae

Question 3

Idiosoma of arachnida is composed of?

Answer 3

Podosoma(with legs)

Opisthosoma (without legs)

Question 4

Mange mites latin name

Answer 4

order Astigmata

Question 5

Mange mite order Astigmata includes

Answer 5

Sarcoptes
Psoroptes
Otodectes
Notoedres
Knemidocoptes
Chorioptes

Question 6

Ticks are called the order

Answer 6

Metastigmata

Question 7

Soft ticks are called

Answer 7

Argasidae

• Argas
• Ornithodoros

Question 8

Hard ticks are called

Answer 8

Ixodidae

• Ixodes
• Rhiphicephalus
• Dermacentor

Question 9

Pathological significance of arachnids

Answer 9

Allergenic (dust mites)
Skin lesions (mange)
Hematophagus
Disease transmission

Question 10

Sarcoptes species

Answer 10

Sarcoptes scabiei

Question 11

Sarcoptes size

Answer 11

very tiny (0.2-0.5mm)

Question 12

How to distinguish female and male sarcoptes?

Answer 12

Males have suckers in 1st, 2nd and 4 th pair of legs

Females have suckers in 1st and 2nd pair of legs

Question 13

What are in the legs of Sarcoptes that don’t have suckers?

Answer 13

Males have pedicels in 3rd pair of legs

Females have pedicels in 3rd and 4th pair of legs

Question 14

What is the general appearance of Sarcoptes?

Answer 14

Very rounded, legs visible from ventral side not from dorsal side

Question 15

What is the general cycle for mange mites?

Answer 15

15-30 days:
egg
larvae
Nymphs:
-protonymph
-deuteronymph
-tritonymph
Adult

Question 16

What is the preffered location of Sarcoptes

Answer 16

Epidermis (corneum-spninosum stratum)

Question 17

Sarcoptes life explain

Answer 17

Females burrow eggs in the skin and poop in the burrows-> symptoms
Eggs hatch and the larvae moult to nymph
as adults males look for females to fertilise them

Question 18

Infective stages of sarcoptes

Answer 18

Nymphs and fertilised females

Question 19

How does one get infestated with sarcoptes?

Answer 19

Direct contact or fomites

Question 20

Psoroptes are known as

Answer 20

non-burrowing mites

Question 21

The prefered location of psoroptes?

Answer 21

Areas with wool or fur

Ears

Question 22

How psoroptes cause damage?

Answer 22

They feed on lymph and the chelicerae damage the skin

Question 23

How does one differentiate Psoroptes from Sarcoptes?

Answer 23

Psoroptes have pointed capituli while Sarcoptes have more rounded one
Psoroptes legs have “extra string hanging” aka three-jointed pretarsi

Question 24

Otodectes are known as

Answer 24

Ear mites

Question 25

Otodectes morphology

Answer 25

similar to Psoroptes but no extra hanging string from legs ie not three jointed pretarsi

Question 26

Knemidocoptes infest?

Answer 26

birds (peak, legs and feathers of psittacines)

Question 27

Morphology of Knemidocoptes?

Answer 27

Similar to Sarcoptes

Question 28

Demodex?

Answer 28

Genus of many host specific cigar shaped mites

Question 29

Demodex live in?

Answer 29

Hair follicles and sebaceous glands

Question 30

Demodex body regions?

Answer 30

Podosoma and striated opisthosoma (abdomen)

Question 31

Demodex significance

Answer 31

Infestation rate grow with age Transmission of acne causing bacteria Can cause problems in immunosuppressed individuals

Question 32

Cheyletiella

Answer 32

"walking dandruff" mites

Question 33

Cat cheyletiella

Answer 33

Cheyletiella blackei

Question 34

Dog cheyletiella

Answer 34

Cheyletiella yagsuri

Question 35

Rabbit cheyletiella

Answer 35

Cheyletiella parasitivorax

Question 36

Cheyletiella appearance

Answer 36

mite with prominent palpal claws

Question 37

Neotrombicula appearance

Answer 37

red tick

Question 38

Most common Neotrombicula

Answer 38

Neotrombicula autumnalis | frequent in the end of the summer and autumn

Question 39

Which stages of Neotrombicula are parasites?

Answer 39

Only larval

Question 40

Dermanyssus infests?

Answer 40

Birds (and rodents) but can be zoonotic

Question 41

Dermanyssus feeding habbits?

Answer 41

Nocturnal haematophagus feeding

Question 42

Dermanyssus causes

Answer 42

Allergy Anemia decreased production and egg quality

Question 43

Dermanyssus gnathosoma?

Answer 43

with chelicerae and elongated maxipalps

Question 44

Dermanyssus idiosoma?

Answer 44

``` Medio-dorsal medio-ventral: -sternal -genital -anal ```

Question 45

Genus Varroa?

Answer 45

Honeybee parasite which causes economical losses in beekeeping and leaves poor bees without wings because it acts as a vector for Deformed wing virus

Question 46

Ixodidae regions

Answer 46

Gnathosoma and idiosoma

Question 47

Ixodidae gnathosoma

Answer 47

maxilar palps chelicerae hypostome with retrograde teeth

Question 48

Ixodidae respiration

Answer 48

via spiracle after last coxa

Question 49

Openings of Ixodidae

Answer 49

-adults: genital and anal | larvae and nymphs: anal

Question 50

Ventral scutum of Ixodidae is composed of

Answer 50

Sternal plate genital plate Anal plate adanal plate

Question 51

Haller's organ?

Answer 51

An organ Ixodidae have in their legs. It is used to find hosts and it detects CO2, temperature, humidity and vibration

Question 52

Biological cycle of ixodidae

Answer 52

Egg Larvae (3 pairs Nymph (without genital opening) imago

Question 53

ixodidae life cycle types

Answer 53

1 host 2 host 3 host

Question 54

What diseases Ixodidae cause?

Answer 54

Paralysis and also vectors of: Tularemia Borreliosis Ehrlichia

Question 55

Dermacentor

Answer 55

The ornament tick which has brown belly with white ornaments

Question 56

Pathogenic importance of Dermacentor?

Answer 56

Rocky mountain disease Q fever Babesia canis Tularemia

Question 57

Rhiphicephalus causes?

Answer 57

``` transmission: -babesia canis hepatozoon canis ehrlichia canis filarias mediterranean spotted fever tularemia ```

Question 58

How Argasidae differ from Ixodidae?

Answer 58

``` head only seen from ventral side absence of sclerotised scutum less teeth in hypostome more egg layings/more feeding multiple nymphal stages ```

Question 59

How Argasidae do without food?

Answer 59

adults survive up to 20 years without food

Question 60

How are different Argasidae differentiated?

Answer 60

presence of dorsal discs capitulum hypostome morphology

Question 61

Ornithodoros capitulum?

Answer 61

very pointy

Question 62

Argas hosts=

Answer 62

bats and birds

Question 63

pathogenic importance of argas

Answer 63

inoculation of toxins

Question 64

ornithodoros hosts

Answer 64

mammals incl.bats

Question 65

ornithodoros pathogenic importance?

Answer 65

vector of ASF virus