Parasitism

Question 1

How can you classify hosts?

Answer 1

1. By the stage of the parasite harboured
2. By the specificity of the parasite-host relation
3. By epizootiologic charasteristics

Question 2

How are hosts classified by the stage of the parasite harboured?

Answer 2

Definitive/final and Intermediate hosts.

Question 3

What is DH/FH?

Answer 3

Host that harbours adult stage of the parasite (ie. the stage with sexual reproduction.

Question 4

What is IH?

Answer 4

Host that harbours larval(immature) stages of the parasite or stages with asexual reproduction.

Question 5

Type host

Answer 5

Host in which the parasite was first described for science.

Question 6

Obligatory host

Answer 6

Host that is essential for the parasite to complete its life cycle.

Question 7

Principal host

Answer 7

Host that harbours the largest number of individuals of the parasite population.

Question 8

Accidental host

Answer 8

Parasitised by chance, not purpose.

Question 9

Artificial host

Answer 9

Parasitised in experimental conditions.

Question 10

Paratenic host

Answer 10

Host that is not obligatory, but helps the parasite to be transmitted to a more suitable host.

Question 11

Vector

Answer 11

An invertebrate animal that carries the parasite (usually) to DH

Question 12

Mechanic vector

Answer 12

No development of the parasite/only carrier

Question 13

Biological vector

Answer 13

Parasite evolves inside the vector

Question 14

Biological vector subtypes

Answer 14

Multiplicative, cycloevolutive, and cyclomultiplicative.

Question 15

Multiplicative vector

Answer 15

Biological vector in which multiplication of the parasite occurs.

Question 16

Cycloevolutive vector

Answer 16

Biological vector in which evolution but no multiplication occurs.

Question 17

Cyclomultiplicative vector

Answer 17

Biological vector in which evolution and multiplication occurs.

Question 18

Reservoir

Answer 18

Host that is not (too much) negatively affected by the parasite despite hosting it.

Question 19

Bridge

Answer 19

???

Question 20

Zooparasites can be classified into?

Answer 20

Protozoa
Helminths
Arthtopoda

Question 21

Ectoparasite

Answer 21

Ulkoloinen

Question 22

Endoparasite

Answer 22

Sisäloinen

Question 23

Coelozoics

Answer 23

In coelom

Question 24

Histozoics

Answer 24

In tissues

Question 25

Citozoics

Answer 25

In cells

Question 26

Cariozoics

Answer 26

In nuclei

Question 27

Plazmozoics

Answer 27

In cytoplasm

Question 28

Erratics

Answer 28

Outside the usual place

Question 29

Obligated parasites

Answer 29

Must be parasitic in order to survive

Question 30

Facultative parasites

Answer 30

Can be or not

Question 31

Accidental parasites

Answer 31

Prefer not to be parasites

Question 32

How to classify parasites by host spectrum?

Answer 32

Eurixenic, stenoxenic, oligoxenic, monoxenic

Question 33

Eurixenic parasite

Answer 33

Very broad spectrum of hosts

Question 34

Stenoxenic parasite

Answer 34

Narrow spectrum of hosts

Question 35

Oligoxenic parasite

Answer 35

Few hosts

Question 36

Monoxenic parasite

Answer 36

One host

Question 37

How to classify parasites by the number of hosts during life cycle?

Answer 37

Monoxenic, heteroxenic, autoheteroxenic

Question 38

Heteroxenic parasite

Answer 38

1 DH and =/>1 IH

Question 39

Autoheteroxenic parasite

Answer 39

Same host can be DH or IH depending on the individual parasite's stage

Question 40

How to classify parasite by pathogenics?

Answer 40

Pathogenic, facultatively pathogenic, non-pathogenic

Question 41

Pathogenic parasite

Answer 41

Always disease

Question 42

Facultatively pathogenic parasite

Answer 42

Disease sometimes in sick, weak, young or old animals.

Question 43

Non pathogenic parasite

Answer 43

No disease

Question 44

Parasitism

Answer 44

Heterotypic, negative, temporal or permanent, external or internal association among two species. These are the parasite (usually smaller and of lower zoological level) which is benefitting from the association and the host (usually bigger and of more complex zoological level) who is harmed by the association.

Question 45

Imaginal parasite

Answer 45

Periodical parasite during adulthood

Question 46

Preteolic parasite

Answer 46

Periodical parasite during juvenile stages

Question 47

Diheteroxenic parasite

Answer 47

1 DH and 1 IH

Question 48

Polyheteroxenic parasite

Answer 48

1 DH and more than 1 IH

Question 49

Alternance of homogonic cycles with heterogonic cycles

Answer 49

Alternating generations of free-living sexually reproductive 2 sexed generations and parasitic parthenogenous female-only generations.