Archaea, bacteria and viruses Flashcards
(23 cards)
What is an extremophile
A archaea that lives in an extreme envirnment
what is a thermophile
an archaea that lives in a very hot environment
What is a halophile
lives in extreme saline conditions, 2M NaCl or equivalent to survive
What colour pigment does a lake have if it has high halobacterium numbers
Red
Where are methanogens found
In swamps, marshes
What do methanogens produce
Methane gas
Are methanogens aerobic or anaerobic
Strict anaerobes
what is bioremediation
Using organisms to remove pollutants from the environment
2 ways to deal with an oil spill are…..
1) high pressure water, washes away good components to environment too
2) adding fertilizer adds nitrogen which promotes prokaryotes growth, they denature the hydrocarbons
What are examples of pathogenic bacteria
1) tuberculosis , can remain in metabolic stasis
2) meningitis, mortality of 1 in 10
3) gastric stomach ulcers
4) tetanus, in soil. causes ridged paralysis
how does pathogenic bacteria cause disease
by producing endotoxins or exotoxins
what is an exotoxin
these are secreted from a prokaryote
what is an endotoxin
only secreted when the organism dies
are viruses living
no
what are viruses
infectious particle holding DNA packaged in a protein coat
What is helix structure of a viruses genome
Double or single stranded DNA or RNA
what is the structure of a viruses genome
single linear or circular
what is a capsid
a capsid is a protein shell that encases the genome made up of capsomer subunits
what is a viral envelope
viral envelopes are derived from the host cells membrane so it makes it harder for the immune system to recognize it as an invader
viruses are obligate…… whats
obligate viral intracellular parasites. can only replicate in a host cell that it can infect
How do viruses use host cell too replicate
Viral genome enters a cell and uses host cells enzymes, amino acids and RNA to replicate their DNA. when the host cell lyses it releases the new virus cells
what causes flu epidemics
emergence of new strains
what causes global pandemics
Viral strains that have the ability to jump species can also exchange DNA with other viruses
