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Architecture Flashcards

1
Q

abacus

A

a flat slab forming the uppermost member or division of the capital of a column, above the bell

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2
Q

acanthus

A

a stylized ornamental motif based on a characteristic Mediterranean plant with jagged leaves

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3
Q

agora

A

an open space that served as a meeting ground for various activities of the citizens

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4
Q

architrave

A

a horizontal beam that rests directly on the top of a row of columns

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5
Q

base

A

architectural element on which a column or pier rests

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6
Q

bouleuterion

A

the town hall of an ancient town or city

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7
Q

capital

A

crowning member of a column, pier, anta, pilaster, or other columnar form, providing a structural support for the horizontal member (entablature) or arch above

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8
Q

cella

A

the body of a temple (as distinct from the portico) in which the image of the deity is housed

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9
Q

column

A

a vertical element with a rounded, squared or polygonal shaft, a capital and a base

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10
Q

cornice

A

the decorated projection at the top of a wall provided to protect the wall face or to ornament and finish the eaves

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11
Q

dentil

A

a small tooth-shaped block used as a repeating ornament in the bedmould of a cornice

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12
Q

drum

A

any of the cylindrical stone blocks composing a column that is not a monolith

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13
Q

echinus

A

one of grooves of the the ‘necking’, which is the upper continuation of the shaft of the column

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14
Q

entablature

A

a horizontal part in classical architecture that rests on the columns and consists of architrave, frieze, and cornice

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15
Q

entasis

A

the convex curve given to a column, spire, or similar upright member,

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16
Q

fascia

A

the panelling that runs just beneath the edge of the roof of a building

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17
Q

flute

A

shallow grooves running along a surface

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18
Q

frieze

A

a long and narrow sculptural band that runs along the middle of an entablature

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19
Q

Hellenistic

A

focuses on theatricality, drama, and the experience of the viewer

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20
Q

hippodrome

A

a stadium-like structure used for horse racing and chariot racing

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21
Q

hypostyle

A

a building having rows of columns supporting its roof

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22
Q

mausoleum

A

an above ground free-standing structure that have crypts or burial compartments to hold whole human remains

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23
Q

metope

A

a rectangular architectural element that fills the space between two triglyphs in a Doric frieze

24
Q

naos

A

A shrine, usually monolithic, in which the image of an Egyptian deity was kept, especially in temple sanctuaries

25
opisthodomos
A porch at the rear of a temple, set against the blank back wall of the cella.
26
palaestra
a rectangular court surrounded by colonnades with adjoining rooms
27
pediment
triangular gable forming the end of the roof slope over a portico
28
peristyle
a continuous porch formed by a row of columns surrounding the perimeter of a building
29
petrification
when the organic matter is completely replaced by minerals and the fossil is turned to stone
30
pronaos
the outer part of an ancient Greek temple forming a portico immediately in front of the cella
31
propylon
a dignified entrance between columns to a sanctuary
32
rosette
a round, stylized flower design
33
scotia
a concave molding used especially in classical architecture in the bases of columns
34
shaft
a long, narrow, vertical cylinder that in some orders is articulated with fluting
35
stereobate
the foundation or base upon which a building or the like is erected
36
stylobate
is the top step of the crepidoma,
37
tholos
a form of building with a round structure with a circular wall and a roof,
38
trabeated
a term used in architecture to describe the use of post and lintel construction
39
triglyph
the vertically channeled tablets of the Doric frieze
40
volute
a spiral scroll-like ornament that forms the basis of the Ionic order
41
torus
a large convex molding commonly forming the lowest molding of the base of a column
42
forecourt
a courtyard at the front of a building
43
kerb
the edge where a raised sidewalk or road median/central reservation meets a street or other roadway
44
peristalith
a four-sided porch or hallway of columns surrounding the cella
45
dolmen
a type of single-chamber megalithic tomb, usually consisting of two or more upright megaliths supporting a large flat horizontal capstone or "table"
46
orthostat
An upright stone or slab forming part of a structure or set in the ground
47
menhir
A tall upright stone of a kind erected in western Europe
48
trilithon
a structure consisting of two large vertical stones (posts) supporting a third stone set horizontally across the top (lintel)
49
port hole slab
a circular hole, often forming the entrance to a megalithic chamber tomb
50
portal stone
an opening in a wall of a building
51
petroform
shapes and geometrical patterns made from arranging large rocks and boulders
52
megalith
a large stone that has been used to construct a prehistoric structure or monument
53
petroglyph
an image created by removing part of a rock surface by incising, picking, carving, or abrading, as a form of rock art
54
capstone
a finishing stone atop an exterior wall or roof
55
cycolith
a harmonious mix of white cubic houses, cobblestone streets, pristine windmills, and ubiquitous blue-domed churches
56
alignment
designing architectures at the infrastructure, application, and business levels such that each fits optimally with the other architectures
57
taula
a traditional Indian system of architecture which literally translates to “science of architecture”

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