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arduino Flashcards

1
Q

electricity

A

energy produced by movement (static accumulation/dynamic flow) of charged particles

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2
Q

coulombic force

A

is between two charged particles, attraction between opposite charges and repelling between same charges

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3
Q

a single charged particle has a…

A

3D radiative electric field

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4
Q

static accumulation / dynamic flow

A

contact between two charges

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5
Q

immobilized accumulation

A

movement against a static charged object (like a plate) which generates an electric field

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6
Q

equation for immobilized accumulation

A

F*d = J

a charged particle within an electric field will move some distance with some force, resulting in work

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7
Q

negatively charged particles move from areas of ______ potential to areas of ______ potential

A

moves from areas of low potential to areas of high potential

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8
Q

positively charged particles move from areas of _____ potential to areas of ______ potential

A

moves from areas of high potential to areas of low potential

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9
Q

units for electric force

A

newtons

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10
Q

units for electric field

A

newtons/coulumbs

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11
Q

units for potential energy

A

joules

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12
Q

voltage (V)

A

amount of energy required to do work (F*d) to move charge (q)

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13
Q

units of voltage

A

volts

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14
Q

equation of voltage

A

v = (F*d)/q

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15
Q

current (I)

A

amount of charge (in columbs) moving over time (seconds)

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16
Q

units of current

A

amperes

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17
Q

equation of current

A

I = q/t

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18
Q

how does charge flow through a battery

A

from the negative terminal (-) to the (+) terminal

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19
Q

current flows in the ________ direction of electrons

A

opposite

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20
Q

what generates a magnetic field

A

flow of electrons

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21
Q

how does positive charge flow in a schematic circuit

A

from the long line to the short line

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22
Q

how do electrons flow in a schematic circuit

A

from the short line to the long line

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23
Q

how does current flow through a wire

A

from positive to negative, B is around counterclockwise (right hand rule)

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24
Q

electrons only flow in a ____ circuit

A

closed

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25
why do individual electrons flow relatively slow
because of atoms and electrostatic of resistance to motion
26
how do electrons travel in a wave through a wire
they displace each other in the wire causing a motion similar to a wave, this happens instantaneously
27
force for flow in an electric circuit
EMF (voltage)
28
flow in electric circuit
charge/time (current)
29
limitation to flow in electric circuit
size, shape, material of conductor (impedance)
30
AC
alternating current, varies over time
31
DC
direct current, consistent over time
32
voltage is a potential difference between...
two locations, measured with a probe (voltameter)
33
wall voltage is
120V AC, it is alternating because its easier to travel over long distances
34
AA battery voltage is
1.5V DC, current always flows consistently in both directions
35
impedance
Z, opposes or limits current
36
electrical circuit with hamburger lines
direct current, I flows from positive terminal of battery (long line) to negative terminal (short line)
37
electrical circuit with circle and squiggly line
alternating current, I flows mainly in positive to negative terminal direction but some alternates in direction
38
basic analog components of impedance
resistor, inductor, capacitator
39
resistor
measured in ohms, ZR
40
inductor
measured in henrys, ZL
41
capacitor
measured in farads, ZC
42
series arrangement
elements share one path of current same current flows through all elements I T = I R1 = I R2 voltage adds across all elements V T = Vr1 + Vr2 + Vr3 (total voltage is divided) resistance adds linearly R T = R1 + R2 + R3
43
parallel arrangement
two or more elements share two nodes (multiple paths of current) current adds among all paths I T = I1 + I2 + I3 same voltage is shared among all elements V T = Vr1 = Vr2 impedance adds in inverse 1/rT = 1/r1 + 1/r2
44
ohm's law
current (I) through conductor is proportional to voltage potential difference between before and after conductor current (I) through conductor is inversely proportional to impedance in essence: V = I * R
45
Kirchoff's Current Law
all current about a node is conserved
46
Kirchoff's Voltage Law
voltage over a closed loop is conserved
47
voltage divider
two resistors in a series I = V *(R2 / (R1 + R2))
48
hardware engineering
the actual electrical/mechanical components
49
software engineering
logic used to communicate between individual components
50
how do you coordinate between hardware and software?
an interface (platform) or microcontroller (chip that can be programmed to do certain actions)
51
arduino
a PCB (printed circuit board) that has a microcontroller, power supply, and I/O pins
52
I/O pins
input/output pins arduino has 14 digital and 6 analog
53
power to arduino (USB 2.0)
5V, 0.5A = 2.5 W
54
power from arduino
5V, 0.2A = 1W (total) 5V, 0.04A = 0.2W (I/O pin)
55
breadboard
used to physically connect electrical components (rails connnected vertically and rest is horizontal)
56
programming language of arduino
C
57
declaration
declaring variables into the memory space
58
3 parts of declaration
variable type, variable name, and value
59
variable type
int = integer (whole number) boolean = true or false (logical) long = decimal
60
function
sectioned off piece of code that can be called as needed
61
3 parts of a function
function name, return type (long (decimal) or void (doesn't return a value), and arguments (inputs)
62
pinMode(pin, MODE);
part of setup sets a specific pin (on the arduino microcontroller) to a specific mode (OUTPUT or INPUT)
63
analogRead(pin);
returns analog voltage of a pin, for analog input pins ONLY
64
digitalRead(pin);
returns digital voltage of a pin, for I/O digital pins only
65
analogWrite(pin, value);
writes an analog voltage (0-255) to a pin, for PWM pins only (~)
66
digitalWrite(pin, value);
writes digital voltage (HIGH or LOW) to a pin, for digital I/O pins
67
delay(value);
pauses arduino program for some time (value) in milliseconds
68
Serial.begin(baud);
starts the serial monitor which displays input/output values, baud is usually 9600
69
Serial.print(message);
prints text into serial monitor, use " " for text
70
for loop
runs block of code for certain amount of iterations
71
4 parts of a for loop
loop variable, loop condition, loop variable modification, looped code
72
explain the parts of this loop for (int test = 0; test = 10; test = test+1) { }
int test = 0 -> predefined loop counter at 0 test = 10 -> sets the limit to how many times the loop should iterate test = test+1 -> sets the increment that the counter increases by per iteration
73
while loop
loop runs indefinitely while statement is true
74
2 parts of while loop
condition and looped code
75
explain the parts of this loop int var = 0 while (var < 200) { var = var + 1 }
int var = 0 is defining the variable as an integer, equal to 0 the while loop will only operate under the condition that var is less than 200 each iteration 1 is added to var
76
if
conditional statement, only runs if it is true
77
else
runs prior if statement is false
78
CAD
fairly basic but powerful software, better for additive as subtractive is hard to visually create, can be buggy and files can be exported as STL for 3D printing
79
you can only access code in tinkered if
microprocessor (Arduino) is present
80
circuits on tinkercad provide
dynamic simulations for user interaction
81
debug in tinkercad
click debug add breakpoint (select line(s) of code to debug) simulate step (right bar) hover over variables to see values
82
old school debug
print everything into serial monitor
83
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bme101 arduino (1 decks)

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