ARE 4.0 Site Flashcards
The right of an owner to have ingress and egress to and from a property.
access right
a building or structure on the same lot as the main or principal building.
Accessible Building
the study or theory of beauty
Aesthetics
The rights to the use or control of the air space above a property.
air rights
Reflectivity measured as the relative permeability of a surface to radiant energy flowing in either direction.
albedo
Any public way or thoroughfare 10 to 16 feet in width which has been dedicated or deeded to the public for public use.
alley
The angle which the sun makes with the horizon.
altitude
An underground geological formation through which water flows.
aquifer
A horizontal angle measured clockwise from north or south.
azimuth
Earth that is replaced around a foundation or retaining wall after the concrete forms have been removed.
backfill
A partial obstruction against flow, in a duct or pipe.
baffle
Having no environmental barriers, thereby permitting free access and circulation by the handicapped.
barrier-free
In surveying, a direction stated in degree, minutes, and seconds as an angular deviation east or west from due north or south.
bearing
a relatively permanent point of known location and elevation
bench mark
An excavated, level terrace in a slope used to collect running water.
bench
A convex-shaped bank of earth, often piled up against a wall
berm
A road or path reserved for bicycle traffic.
bikeway
A division of urban land, normally private property, which is surrounded by public streets, and which is officially established and recorded.
block
A stone guard to prevent damage to a wall; also a freestanding stone post to divert vehicular traffic.
bollard
the legal recorded property line between two parcels of land
boundrary
an area separating two different elements or functions
buffer zone
The net ground area of a lot which can be covered by a building after required setbacks and other zoning limitations have been accounted for.
buildable area
Utilized by communities principally to achieve planned street patterns. They help insure that buildings will not be erected in the bed of projected streets or of potential street widening.
building line
the enclosure that contains a building’s maximum volumn
building envelope
a drainage device used to collect water, with a deep pit to catch sediment
Catch Basin
The geographic area from which the participants in an activity are drawn, such as the customers of a shopping center or the employees of a manufacturing plant.
catchment
A fictitious temperature assigned to a combination of actual temperature and wind velocity which has the same physiological effect as still air at the chill factor temperature. It is also known as a ‘wind chill index’.
chill factor
the flow or movement of people, goods, vehicles, etc., from place to place
circulation
The prevailing or average weather conditions of a place as determined over a number of years.
climate
A type of residential siting in which a series of housing units are grouped closely together and surrounded by open space.
cluster
a fixed ratio of total rainfall that runs off a surface
coefficient of runoff
a street into which minor streets empty and which leads to a major arterial
collector Street
sewer that carriers both storm water and sanitary or industrial wastes.
Combined Sewer
any combination of temerature and humidity in which the average person feels comfortable
Comfort Zone
the reduction of soil volume by pressure from grading machinery
compaction
taking private property for public use, with compensation to the owner, under the right of eminent domain.
Condemnation
the transfer of heat by direct molecular action
Conduction
pipe or other channel, below or above ground, for conveying pipelines, cables, or other utilities
Conduit
Lawful use of a building or lot that complies with the provisions of the applicable zoning ordinance
conforming use
Describing cone-bearing evergreen trees and shrubs, such as pine, spruce, fir, and cedar.
coniferous
the circumstances or elements which surround a particular development
Context
An imaginary line on the ground surface connecting all points of equal elevation.
contour
The difference of elevation between adjacent contour lines.
contour interval
the transfer of heat by the movement of a liquid or gas, such as air
convection
a land parcel that fronts on two contiguous streets. The short side is generally considered to be the front of the lot
Corner Lot
A space, open and unobstructed to the sky, located at or above grade, and bounded on three or more sides by the walls of a building.
court
A housing pattern in which units face into a common open space.
court pattern
a restriction of the deed which regulates land use, asthetic qualities, etc., of an area
covenant
the central area of a convex surface, such as a road
crown
a short road with an outlet on one end and a turnaround on the other
Cul-De-Sac
A length of pipe, running under a road or other barrier, used to drain or carry water.
culvert
a raised margin running along the edge of a street pavement, usually of concrete
curb
Earth which is removed (cut) and earth which is added (fill) in grading.
cut and fill
A horizontal plane elevation used as a reference for other elevations in surveying and mapping.
datum
Trees which shed leaves annually, as opposed to evergreens.
deciduous
a circulation layout in which cars are unable to circulate in a continuous one-way flow from the entrance to the exit of a parking area
dead-end parking
appropriation of private property for public use together with acceptance for such use by a public agency
dedication
place limitations on the use of the property, typically by original developers, who determined what land would be used for (live, work, play) and can’t be change by future owners.
Deed Restrictions
The amount by which the average outdoor temperature at a particular location is below 65 degrees Fahrenheit for one day. Degree days may also be summed and stated for month or year.
degree day (dd)
a measure of the number of people, families, etc., that occupy a specified area
density
The temperature of air at which the water contained in the air begins to condense and form dew. It is therefore the temperature at which the air is at 100% relative humidity.
dew point
Flow from a culvert, sewer, or other channel.
discharge
a system of trenches with gravel and loose pipes through which septictank effluent may seep into the surrounding soil, AKA Drainage Field or Absorption Field
Disposal Field
any section of a city in which the zoning regulations are uniform
District
Clay pipe, usually with open joints, used to convey water away from a footing or to disperse liquid in a septic tank field.
drain tile
The process of controlling, collecting, transporting, and disposing of excess water.
drainage
an imaginary line on the ground described by the outermost branches of a tree
Drip Line
a vehicular path generally leading from a public street to a structure on private property
Driveway
a area adjacetn to a vehicular drive where pedestrians may safely exit a car
Drop-off
A pit, usually filled with coarse stone, into which water is conducted for leaching out into surrounding soil.
dry well
an independent living area which includes its own private cooking and bathing facilities
Dwelling unit
Removing and/or adding earth in order to bring the ground surface to a specified elevation or profile. Also called ‘grading’.
earthwork
a limited right, whether temporary or permanent, to use the property of another in a certain way. This may include the right of access to water, light and air, right-of-way, etc.
Easement
The study of the total pattern of relations between a community or organisms and its environment.
ecology
A fictitious temperature which would produce the same physiological effect as the combined effects of temperature, humidity, and air movement.
effective temperature
partially treated liquid sewage flowing from any part of a disposal system to a place of final disposition
Effluent
The height above a known point of reference, often taken as the height above sea level.
elevation
power of the state to take private property without owner’s consent, but with fair market value of the land compensation. Must be used for government or public development (highways, railroads, civic center), economic development, or to mandate an easement for access (public utilities, right of way).
eminent domain
The extension of a building into the property of another.
encroachment
The natural and manmade things, conditions, and influences surrounding a person, community, or place.
environment
A statement, often required by a governmental body, which assesses the environmental impact of a proposed development.
environmental impact statement
The gradual wearing away or disintegration of land caused by water, wind, and so on running over its surface. AKA weathering
erosion
Trees having green leaves throughout the year, as opposed to deciduous.
evergreen
The digging or removal of earth.
excavation
clay that swells when wet and shrinks when dried
Expansive Soil
A semicircular open area, with or without a roof, providing a continuous seat.
exedra
the complete floor surface on which building occupants walk
Finish Floor Level
The elevation of the ground surface after completion of all work.
finish grade
The land surrounding a flowing stream over which water spreads when a flood occurs.
flood plain
the ratio of the floor area of a building to the area of the lot
Floor Area Ratio (FAR)
the minimum legal distance between the front property line and a structure
Front yard
The length of a lot line along a street or other public way.
frontage
