ARE 4.0 Site Flashcards
(232 cards)
1
Q
The right of an owner to have ingress and egress to and from a property.
A
access right
2
Q
a building or structure on the same lot as the main or principal building.
A
Accessible Building
3
Q
the study or theory of beauty
A
Aesthetics
4
Q
The rights to the use or control of the air space above a property.
A
air rights
5
Q
Reflectivity measured as the relative permeability of a surface to radiant energy flowing in either direction.
A
albedo
6
Q
Any public way or thoroughfare 10 to 16 feet in width which has been dedicated or deeded to the public for public use.
A
alley
7
Q
The angle which the sun makes with the horizon.
A
altitude
8
Q
An underground geological formation through which water flows.
A
aquifer
9
Q
A horizontal angle measured clockwise from north or south.
A
azimuth
10
Q
Earth that is replaced around a foundation or retaining wall after the concrete forms have been removed.
A
backfill
11
Q
A partial obstruction against flow, in a duct or pipe.
A
baffle
12
Q
Having no environmental barriers, thereby permitting free access and circulation by the handicapped.
A
barrier-free
13
Q
In surveying, a direction stated in degree, minutes, and seconds as an angular deviation east or west from due north or south.
A
bearing
14
Q
a relatively permanent point of known location and elevation
A
bench mark
15
Q
An excavated, level terrace in a slope used to collect running water.
A
bench
16
Q
A convex-shaped bank of earth, often piled up against a wall
A
berm
17
Q
A road or path reserved for bicycle traffic.
A
bikeway
18
Q
A division of urban land, normally private property, which is surrounded by public streets, and which is officially established and recorded.
A
block
19
Q
A stone guard to prevent damage to a wall; also a freestanding stone post to divert vehicular traffic.
A
bollard
20
Q
the legal recorded property line between two parcels of land
A
boundrary
21
Q
an area separating two different elements or functions
A
buffer zone
22
Q
The net ground area of a lot which can be covered by a building after required setbacks and other zoning limitations have been accounted for.
A
buildable area
23
Q
Utilized by communities principally to achieve planned street patterns. They help insure that buildings will not be erected in the bed of projected streets or of potential street widening.
A
building line
24
Q
the enclosure that contains a building’s maximum volumn
A
building envelope
25
a drainage device used to collect water, with a deep pit to catch sediment
Catch Basin
26
The geographic area from which the participants in an activity are drawn, such as the customers of a shopping center or the employees of a manufacturing plant.
catchment
27
A fictitious temperature assigned to a combination of actual temperature and wind velocity which has the same physiological effect as still air at the chill factor temperature. It is also known as a 'wind chill index'.
chill factor
28
the flow or movement of people, goods, vehicles, etc., from place to place
circulation
29
The prevailing or average weather conditions of a place as determined over a number of years.
climate
30
A type of residential siting in which a series of housing units are grouped closely together and surrounded by open space.
cluster
31
a fixed ratio of total rainfall that runs off a surface
coefficient of runoff
32
a street into which minor streets empty and which leads to a major arterial
collector Street
33
sewer that carriers both storm water and sanitary or industrial wastes.
Combined Sewer
34
any combination of temerature and humidity in which the average person feels comfortable
Comfort Zone
35
the reduction of soil volume by pressure from grading machinery
compaction
36
taking private property for public use, with compensation to the owner, under the right of eminent domain.
Condemnation
37
the transfer of heat by direct molecular action
Conduction
38
pipe or other channel, below or above ground, for conveying pipelines, cables, or other utilities
Conduit
39
Lawful use of a building or lot that complies with the provisions of the applicable zoning ordinance
conforming use
40
Describing cone-bearing evergreen trees and shrubs, such as pine, spruce, fir, and cedar.
coniferous
41
the circumstances or elements which surround a particular development
Context
42
An imaginary line on the ground surface connecting all points of equal elevation.
contour
43
The difference of elevation between adjacent contour lines.
contour interval
44
the transfer of heat by the movement of a liquid or gas, such as air
convection
45
a land parcel that fronts on two contiguous streets. The short side is generally considered to be the front of the lot
Corner Lot
46
A space, open and unobstructed to the sky, located at or above grade, and bounded on three or more sides by the walls of a building.
court
47
A housing pattern in which units face into a common open space.
court pattern
48
a restriction of the deed which regulates land use, asthetic qualities, etc., of an area
covenant
49
the central area of a convex surface, such as a road
crown
50
a short road with an outlet on one end and a turnaround on the other
Cul-De-Sac
51
A length of pipe, running under a road or other barrier, used to drain or carry water.
culvert
52
a raised margin running along the edge of a street pavement, usually of concrete
curb
53
Earth which is removed (cut) and earth which is added (fill) in grading.
cut and fill
54
A horizontal plane elevation used as a reference for other elevations in surveying and mapping.
datum
55
Trees which shed leaves annually, as opposed to evergreens.
deciduous
56
a circulation layout in which cars are unable to circulate in a continuous one-way flow from the entrance to the exit of a parking area
dead-end parking
57
appropriation of private property for public use together with acceptance for such use by a public agency
dedication
58
place limitations on the use of the property, typically by original developers, who determined what land would be used for (live, work, play) and can't be change by future owners.
Deed Restrictions
59
The amount by which the average outdoor temperature at a particular location is below 65 degrees Fahrenheit for one day. Degree days may also be summed and stated for month or year.
degree day (dd)
60
a measure of the number of people, families, etc., that occupy a specified area
density
61
The temperature of air at which the water contained in the air begins to condense and form dew. It is therefore the temperature at which the air is at 100% relative humidity.
dew point
62
Flow from a culvert, sewer, or other channel.
discharge
63
a system of trenches with gravel and loose pipes through which septictank effluent may seep into the surrounding soil, AKA Drainage Field or Absorption Field
Disposal Field
64
any section of a city in which the zoning regulations are uniform
District
65
Clay pipe, usually with open joints, used to convey water away from a footing or to disperse liquid in a septic tank field.
drain tile
66
The process of controlling, collecting, transporting, and disposing of excess water.
drainage
67
an imaginary line on the ground described by the outermost branches of a tree
Drip Line
68
a vehicular path generally leading from a public street to a structure on private property
Driveway
69
a area adjacetn to a vehicular drive where pedestrians may safely exit a car
Drop-off
70
A pit, usually filled with coarse stone, into which water is conducted for leaching out into surrounding soil.
dry well
71
an independent living area which includes its own private cooking and bathing facilities
Dwelling unit
72
Removing and/or adding earth in order to bring the ground surface to a specified elevation or profile. Also called 'grading'.
earthwork
73
a limited right, whether temporary or permanent, to use the property of another in a certain way. This may include the right of access to water, light and air, right-of-way, etc.
Easement
74
The study of the total pattern of relations between a community or organisms and its environment.
ecology
75
A fictitious temperature which would produce the same physiological effect as the combined effects of temperature, humidity, and air movement.
effective temperature
76
partially treated liquid sewage flowing from any part of a disposal system to a place of final disposition
Effluent
77
The height above a known point of reference, often taken as the height above sea level.
elevation
78
power of the state to take private property without owner's consent, but with fair market value of the land compensation. Must be used for government or public development (highways, railroads, civic center), economic development, or to mandate an easement for access (public utilities, right of way).
eminent domain
79
The extension of a building into the property of another.
encroachment
80
The natural and manmade things, conditions, and influences surrounding a person, community, or place.
environment
81
A statement, often required by a governmental body, which assesses the environmental impact of a proposed development.
environmental impact statement
82
The gradual wearing away or disintegration of land caused by water, wind, and so on running over its surface. AKA weathering
erosion
83
Trees having green leaves throughout the year, as opposed to deciduous.
evergreen
84
The digging or removal of earth.
excavation
85
clay that swells when wet and shrinks when dried
Expansive Soil
86
A semicircular open area, with or without a roof, providing a continuous seat.
exedra
87
the complete floor surface on which building occupants walk
Finish Floor Level
88
The elevation of the ground surface after completion of all work.
finish grade
89
The land surrounding a flowing stream over which water spreads when a flood occurs.
flood plain
90
the ratio of the floor area of a building to the area of the lot
Floor Area Ratio (FAR)
91
the minimum legal distance between the front property line and a structure
Front yard
92
The length of a lot line along a street or other public way.
frontage
93
The expected maximum depth of frost penetration in the ground in a given area.
frost line
94
the natural or proper purpose for which something is designed or exists
Function
95
A belvedere or viewing place.
gazebo
96
the science that deals with the physical history of the earth
Geology
97
The rate of rise or descent of a sloping surface. Also, to remove and/or add earth in order to bring the ground surface to a specified elevation or profile.
grade
98
The intersection of two roads at different levels so that vehicles may move from one road to the other without crossing the stream of traffic. Also called 'interchange'.
grade separation
99
The rate of slope between two points on a surface, determined by dividing their vertical difference in elevation by their horizontal distance apart.
gradient
100
Removing and/or adding earth in order to bring the ground surface to a specified elevation or profile. Also called 'earthwork'.
grading
101
Concrete used for paving which uses crushed granite as the coarse aggregate.
granolith
102
a belt-like area around a city, reserved by ordinance for parkland, farms, open space, etc.
greenbelt
103
the direct gain of solar heat, generally through south-facing glass walls and roofs
Greenhouse Effect
104
The level below which the subsoil is completely saturated with water. Also called the 'water table'.
groundwater level
105
a shading technique used to depict ground form
Hachure
106
individuals with physical impairments that result in functional limitations
handicapped
107
spaces designated for physcially handicapped persons, consisting of a typical space with adjacent access aisle no less than 5 ft wide. AKA Accessible Parking
handicapped parking
108
The amount or degree of moisture in an area; a determining element of the weather.
humidity
109
Land on which buildings have not yet been constructed, but which contains utilities and streets.
improved land
110
native to a particular region
Indigenous
111
the process by which water soaks into the ground, AKA Percolation
Infiltration
112
the amount of solar radiation on a given plane
Insolation
113
the junction of a freeway with entering or exiting traffic
Interchange
114
determining an unknown value between known values
Interpolation
115
the point at which two streets come together or cross
Intersection
116
the elevation of the bottom (flow line) of a pipe
Invert elevation
117
The ratio of the area covered by buildings to the total lot area, expressed as a percentage.
land coverage
118
The design and arrangement of natural elements on a site.
landscaping
119
The number of degrees north or south of the equator of a point on the earth's surface.
latitude
120
designation of boundaries of real estate in accordance with one of the systems prescribed by law
Legeal description
121
any line beyond which development is prohibited
Limit Line
122
A pattern of land use which develops along a line, such as a highway or river.
linear pattern
123
a minor street that comes off a major street, runs for a short distance, and then returns to a major street. A collector/distributor road into a shopping center.
Loop street
124
The smallest identifiable parcel of land in a city.
lot
125
The total horizontal area within the boundary lines of a parcel of land.
lot area
126
the general climate of a region
Macroclimate
127
Paving using crushed stone.
macadam
128
A hole through which a person can enter a sewer, pipe, conduit, and so on for inspection, repair, or maintenance.
manhole
129
a formal description of the boundary lines of a parcel of real property in terms of the length and direction of those lines
Metes and Bounds
130
The climatic characteristics unique to a very small area, caused by local features
microclimate
131
a building containing three or more dwelling units
Multiple Dwelling
132
a community of people living in a general vicinity. The area can generally support an elementary school
Neighborhood
133
a system of circulation channels which covers a large area
Network
134
a pattern of vehicle storage in which car stalls are arranged at a right angle to the access lane. AKA Perpendicular Parking
90-Degree Parking
135
a particular use of land or a structure which is in violation of the applicable zoning code. Generally, if the use was established prior to the code rule which it contravenes, it may continue to exist unless it's unsafe
Non-Conforming use
136
Space provided for vehicular parking separate from the dedicated street right-of-way.
off-street parking
137
a circulation system in which all vehicles move in the same direction
One-Way Traffic
138
the removal of unwanted water by means of surface devices
Open Drainage
139
a position with respect to the points of the compass
Orientation
140
An approximately level building area.
pad
141
a pattern of vehicle storage in which car stalls are arranged pararellel to the access lane, as in conventional street parking
Parallel Parking
142
a open space for ths storage of motor vehicles
Parking lot
143
a space in a parking lot marked off for the storage of a single motor vehicle
parking stall
144
An ornamental garden arrangement.
parterre
145
A wall built on the dividing line between two adjoining parcels, in which each owner has an equal shart of ownership
Party Wall
146
a heating or cooling system that collects and moves solar heat without using mechanical power
Passive Solar System
147
A flat or level surface.
plane
148
a topographic configuration created by straight, evenly spaced contours
Plane Surface
149
A landscaped strip of ground between a pedestrian walk and a street.
planting strip
150
A plan of a city or subdivision, showing the boundaries of individual properties.
plat
151
A parcel of land.
plot
152
The legal power of a government to authroize actions which are in the best interest of the general public
Police Power
153
water that falls on the land as rain or snow
Precipitation
154
a building that houses the main use or activity occurring on a lot or parcel of ground
Principal Building
155
A legal boundary of a parcel of land.
property line
156
a planned unit development, similar to a cluster development but larger in scale including, in addition to housing, commercial and industrial developments
PUD
157
the process by which heat or other energy is emitted by a body, transmitted through space, and absorbed by another body
radiation
158
a method for computing approximate storm water runoff
Rational Method
159
the minimum legal distance between the rear property line and a structure
Rear Yard
160
the ratio of the actual amount of moisture in the air to the maximum amount of moisture the air could hold at a given temperature
Relative Humidity
161
limitations on the use of property defined by covenant in deeds, by private agreement, or by public legislative action
Restrictions
162
a wall constructed of timber, masonry, or conctete designed to resist the pressure of the earth mass with which it is in contact
Retaining wall
163
an area used to retain and hold runoff water during a storm. The water is held until it is able to drain naturally
Retention Pond
164
a narrow convex land configuration represented by contours pointing downhill
Ridge
165
a strip of land granted by deed or easement for a circulation path
Right-Of-Way
166
A circumferential or loop roadway around an urban area or development.
ring road
167
The surface flow of water from an area.
run-off
168
The percentage of total rainfall which is not absorbed in the ground and, hence, runs off. It must be collected in a system of surface and subsurface drains.
runoff coefficient
169
An underground pipe or drain used to carry off waster matter.
sanitary sewer
170
the representation of a structure as it would appear if cut through by an intersecting plane to show its internal configuration, AKA Cross Section
section
171
a sewage treatment system consisting of a tank and filerting system
Septic System
172
The minimum distance from the property line into which a structure may not extend.
setback
173
An underground pipe or drain used to carry off rain water (storm sewer) or wast matter (sanitary sewer).
sewer
174
a thin layer of water moving across a surface, AKA Sheet Flow
Sheeting
175
the minimum legal distance between side property lines and a structure
Side Yard
176
a fine-grained soil whose particles are 0.05 to 0.002 mm in diameter
Silt
177
Designing the external physical environment in which buildings and structures are placed.
site planning
178
Inclination or slant, especially of the ground surface.
slope
179
Accumulated solids that settle out of the sewage, forming a semi-liquid mass on the bottom of a septic tank
Sludge
180
A natural material, formed of decomposed and disintegrated parent rock, that supports plant life
soil
181
A log showing the types of soil encountered in a test boring and other relevant information.
soil boring log
182
a lot that comprises more than one zone
Split Lot
183
The elevation of a specified point on the ground or on a structure.
spot elevations
184
zoning that differs from the pattern of the surrounding area. Or a change in the zoning ordinance.
Spot zoning
185
the vertical portion of a building included between the surface of any floor and the surface of the floor next above
Story
186
A sewer for carrying away surface rain water, as opposed to sanitary sewage.
storm sewer
187
The soil layer beneath the topsoil.
subsoil
188
the sinking of land
Subsidence
189
the highest point of a land mass, represented by concentric contours
Summit
190
a map of the sky showing the path of the sun, from sunrise to sunset, on the 21st day of each month
Sun chart
191
earth which is above the top of a retaining wall level
Surcharge
192
water that runs along the surface of the ground, as opposed to below ground
Surface Water
193
A very large area of land in which all through traffic is eliminated, but which may be penetrated by cul-de-sacs or minor loop roads.
superblock
194
The process of determining location, form, and boundaries of a parcel of land by measurement, computation, and drawing.
survey
195
A graded flow path used in open drainage systems.
swale
196
a road that double back on itself with a hairpin curve
Switchback road
197
the configuration of the earth's surface
Topography
198
the upper 6 to 8 inch of soil, which contains humus
Topsoil
199
The process by which water vapor escapes into the atmosphere from plants.
transpiration
200
a linear drainage device used to collect and conduct water
Trench drain
201
a topographic configuration created by evenly spaced contours
uniform slope
202
A public service, such as telephone, water, gas, or electricity.
utility
203
a legal right-of-way enabling a utility company to run service lines over private property
Utility Easement
204
a narrow concave land configuration represented by contours pointing uphill
valley
205
the special permission granted to the owner of a parcel of land waiving certain specific restriction when the enforcement of these would impose an unusual or unreasonable hardship on the owner
variance
206
all the plants, shrubs, and trees, of a particular place
vegetation
207
The general pattern of movement of the water on, under, and above the earth. AKA Hydrologic Cycle
water cycle
208
The level below which the subsoil is completely saturated with water. Also called the 'groundwater level'.
water table
209
A street, alley, or other thoroughfare or easement permanently established for passage of persons or vehicles.
way
210
the area new the bottom of the leeward side of a hill, where the wind velocity decreases to almost zero
Wind Shadow
211
A fictitious temperature assigned to a combination of actual temperature and wind velocity which has the same physiological effect as still air at the wind chill index temperature. It is also known as a 'chill factor'.
wind chill index
212
Structures or plants which, because of their form and location, reduce wind velocities.
windbreak
213
An open, unoccupied space, other than a court, unobstructed to the sky, on the lot on which a building is situated. Based on required setbacks
yard
214
area established by a governing body for specific use, such as residential, commercial, or industrial use
zone
215
the zone below the ground in which the spaces between soil grains contain both water and air
zone of aeration
216
the zone below the ground in which all of the spaces between soil grains are filled completely with water
Zone of Saturation
217
the legal means whereby land use is regulated and controlled for the general welfare. Uniform standard of construction originating in NYC in 1916 to protect the health, welfare, and safety of people. Regulates land, light, air, open space.
Zoning
218
exercise of police power by a government in regulating and controlling the character and use of property
Zoning Ordinance
219
Encourages private developers to provide amenities for public use in exchange for opportunity to build larger or taller structures on a site.
Incentive zoning
220
A building that is permitted in an area that is not zoned for, to benefit the public (e.g. Elementary school in a neighborhood)
Conditional use
221
A municipal law
Ordinance
222
Valuation of property for the purpose of taxes
Assessment
223
Used to find public space improvements with the intention that it will enhance an area's appeal. All Buisness owners in district who would benefit pay increased taxes.
Buisness improvement districts
224
Limitations and stipulations used in residential setting. Can be aestivation (allowable color pallets, vegetation types/pruning, fencing materials) pet control (how many and/or living conditions) or storage related ( visibility of parked cars/boats/ campers)
Restrictive covenant
225
Commits a buyer to performing duties in the future (ex. will make payments for common charges in a condo)
Affirmative covenant
226
If restrictions is violated or disregarded, the land will revert back to original owners/heirs
Conditional covenant
227
A significant factor in temperature control is the ability of a material to store heat.
Thermal inertia
228
Measure of heat transmission. # of BTU per hour that passes 1sqft of wall or roof when the difference between inside and outside air temp is 1 degrees.
U- factor
229
Any body of water flowing in a channel
Stream
230
A municipal Law
Ordinance
231
prevents development that upsets something scenic to the public
Scenic Easement
232
1 acre =
43,650 sqft
