Area of Study 1

Question 1

health and wellbeing

Answer 1

the state of a person’s physical, social, emotional, mental and spiritual existence, characterised by an equilibrium in which the individual feels happy, healthy, capable and engaged

Question 2

emotional health and wellbeing

Answer 2

relates to the ability to express emotions and feelings in an appropriate way

Question 3

equity

Answer 3

The quality of being fair and impartial. Providing disadvantaged people with more resources, allowing them to reach the same health outcomes as advantaged people.

Question 4

mental health and wellbeing

Answer 4

The current state of well-being relating to the mind or brain and the ability to think and process information

Question 5

physical health and wellbeing

Answer 5

relates to the state and functioning of the body and its systems; it includes the physical capacity to perform daily activities or tasks

Question 6

social health and wellbeing

Answer 6

relates to the state of a person’s interactions with others and includes the quality of relationships with family, friends and others in the community and the ability to manage or adapt appropriately to different social situations. It also includes the level of support provided by family and within a community to ensure that every person has equal opportunity to function as a contributing member of society.

Question 7

social justice

Answer 7

fairness in society

Question 8

spiritual health and wellbeing

Answer 8

relates to ideas, beliefs, values and ethics that arise in the mind and conscience of human beings

Question 9

Burden of Disease

Answer 9

a measure of the impact of diseases and injuries; specifically, it measures the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease and disability. Burden of disease is measured in a unit called the DALY.

Question 10

core activities

Answer 10

relate to three main areas of life: self-care, mobility and communication

Question 11

core activity limitation

Answer 11

When an individual has difficulty or requires assistance with any of the three core activities

Question 12

Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY):

Answer 12

a measure of the burden of disease. One DALY is equal to one year of healthy life lost due to illness and/or death. DALY are calculated as the sum of the years of life lost due to premature death and the years lived with disability for people living with the health condition or its consequences.

Question 13

health indicators

Answer 13

standard statistics that are used to measure and compare health status (for example, life expectancy, mortality rates, morbidity rates)

Question 14

health status

Answer 14

an individual’s or a population’s overall health and wellbeing, taking into account various indicators such as life expectancy, mortality and morbidity

Question 15

incidence

Answer 15

refers to the number (or rate) of new cases of a disease/condition in a population during a given period (usually 12 months)

Question 16

life expectancy

Answer 16

The number of years of life, on average, remaining to an individual at a particular age if death rates do not change. The most commonly used measure is life expectancy at birth.

Question 17

morbidity

Answer 17

ill health in an individual and levels of ill health within a population (often expressed through incidence and prevalence)

Question 18

mortality

Answer 18

the number of deaths in a population in a given period

Question 19

prevalence

Answer 19

The number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population at a given time

Question 20

Equality

Answer 20

The state of being equal, especially in status, rights, or opportunities. providing everybody with the same resources despite individuals’ specific needs.

Question 21

psychological distress

Answer 21

relates to unpleasant feelings and emotions that affect an individual’s level of functioning

Question 22

Years Lived with Disability (YLD)

Answer 22

a measure of how many healthy years of life are lost due to living with disease, injury or disability

Question 23

Years of Life Lost (YLL)

Answer 23

a measure of how many years of expected life are lost due to premature death

Question 24

health literacy

Answer 24

relates to how people access, understand and use health information and services in ways that promote and maintain health and wellbeing. A high level of health literacy is strongly linked to improved health outcomes

Question 25

social gradient of health

Answer 25

The higher a person’s income, education or occupation level, the healthier they tend to be

Question 26

sociocultural factors

Answer 26

the social and cultural conditions into which people are born, grow, live, work and age. These conditions include socioeconomic status, social networks, family and cultural background, food security, early life experiences, and access to affordable, culturally appropriate healthcare.