areas of research

Question 1

quantitative data

Answer 1

-data gathered such that they can be quantified (numbers)
-examine relationships among variables
-determine if discoveries are generalizable
-statistical analysis
-can be easier to summarize or bring together
-more objective, use same thing to measure people (can compare between tests easier)
-giving up personal perspective
usually self report **

Question 2

qualitative

Answer 2

data gathered such that they can be analyzed through informed judgment (words)
-smaller focused samples
-focus is on the complexity of the phenomenon
-how we asked qustions will effect answers

Question 3

quantitative data generally gathered by….. and used for…

Answer 3

surveys/questionnaires/physiological or performance measures

hypothesis testing

Question 4

qualitative data generally gathered by… generally used for…

Answer 4

researcher is the “instrument” for collecting data through interviews, open-ended responses on surveys

exploring concepts - hypothesis-generating

Question 5

big difference bw what quantitative and qualitative data have

Answer 5

Qualitative research has no variables**
as soon as u apply frequencies or counts then we have quantitative data**

Question 6

mixed methods

Answer 6

both quantitative and qualitative methods are included within a research study
-more than simply collecting and analyzing both kinds of data
-strength of study is greater than either approach alone

Question 7

strengths of qualitative study usually..

Answer 7

weakness of quantitative study and vice versa

Question 8

quantitative surverys measure

Answer 8

thoughts
perceptions
attitudes
personality
emotions
behaviours

Question 9

quantitative surveys guided by

Answer 9

theory
-theories guide conceptual framwork for measurement
-trait or state ?
-one dimensional or multidimenesional
multidimensional subscales influence one score at the end

Question 10

quantitative surveys factors / issues

Answer 10

validity (accuracy) and reliability

-social desirability : responses that make the responder look better

-acquiescence : tendency for survey respondents to agree with statements regardless of their content particularly when they are unsure of the answer
(acquee = agree)

Question 11

quant surveys factors cont

Answer 11

extremity : tendency to endorse the most extreme response categories regardless of the question

leniency : unrealistically favourable rating to a known person
(leanient with kid, rate higher)

Question 12

performance measures

Answer 12

speed, accuracy
reaction time
force
balance/stability
motion analysis
movement skills

Question 13

physical/physiological measures

Answer 13

weight, height, BMI , body fat, lean mass
BP, CV disease indicators, hormones, cardiac output, lung volume, resting met rate
MRI fMRI CAT scans
micronutrients (vits/mins)

Question 14

data collection in qualitative data

Answer 14

interviews
observations
visual method
media

Question 15

interviews

Answer 15

uncover whats not directly observable
discover what meaning experience has for individual
participants perform (make themselves sound good, looking for certain answer)

want to remain neutral
make participants comfortable

Question 16

type of interview : structured

Answer 16

all participants : same questions, same order
reflects a deductive approach (rules) (you are trying to confirm a theory)
-cant probe further

Question 17

semi structured

Answer 17

all participants : asked about same broad topics, but may focus on some areas
-more inductive (trends) (most popular, trying to inform theory)
-most common
-q’s might be diff
-able to follow up (more context and detail)
-researcher influences process more

Question 18

unstructured

Answer 18

(informal conv interviews)
-maximum flexibility, spontaneous questioning
-dont usually share your own personal experiences
-build raport and build trust
-researcher sharing things as well
-back and forth

Question 19

focus groups

Answer 19

-bring together people to talk about a topic
-typically participants have a characteristic in common
-create dialogue about a certain topic
-often combined with interviews

advantages: time efficient, diff perspectives, more comfortable

disadvantages : could be uncomfortable, dominating, influence opinion, cant insure aninimity

Question 20

observations

Answer 20

detailed description of behaviours, actions, interactions
observe research setting first hand
learn things that people may be unwilling to talk about in an interview

Question 21

visual methods : found visual data

Answer 21

pre existing representations already in the field
studying excerpts from records, diaries, policy documents, photos

Question 22

co-constructed visual data

Answer 22

researcher and participant create visual data (auto-photgraphy)
drawings

Question 23

media

Answer 23

newspaper, magazine, books, films, tv programs

Question 24

interviews criteria

Answer 24

different from everyday convos in terms of roles and expectations
-goal to gain insight and understanding
-can compliment quantitative research

Question 25

stregnths of interview

Answer 25

flexibility
raport
ability to capture verbal and non verbal cues
detailed information

Question 26

challenges of interviews

Answer 26

time consuming
balance of warmth and detachment
active listening
respectful of feelings