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Arguments based on obsrvation Flashcards

(17 cards)

1
Q

Teleological arguments

A

Arguments based on the apparent reason of the universe.

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2
Q

Final Cause

A

Aristotle’s idea of the ultimate purpose of a thing - similar to a telos.

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3
Q

Design Argument

A

Patterns found in nature are explicable only by some grand cosmic designer.

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4
Q

Paley’s watch theory

A
  1. Watch found
  2. Parts of watch serve a function
  3. Implied watchmaker
  4. We can do the same with our world.
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5
Q

Aptness of Analogy

A

There is too big of a logical leap from watch to world.

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6
Q

J.S Mill’s Criticism

A

From a flawed universe, the most we can infer is flawed creator.

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7
Q

Criticism posited by evolution

A

If evolution represents design, it is an extraordinarily wasteful process.

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8
Q

Anthropic principle

A

The universe exists solely for the human race.

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9
Q

Ockham’ razor

A

If we have 2+ theories, the simpler one is probably the most correct.

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10
Q

Cosmological Argument

A

Everything has a cause/ reason for its existence, leading to God as the first cause.

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11
Q

Prime mover

A

That which creates movement as a final purpose, initiator of all.

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12
Q

Necessity

A

Something that has to be the case. Goes hand in hand with contingency.

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13
Q

Contingency

A

If something’s existence is dependent on something else. Goes hand in hand with necessity.

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14
Q

Infinite regress

A

An endless sequence going back through time, with no beginning.

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15
Q

Sufficient reason

A

An explanation which itself requires no further explanation - a final answer.

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16
Q

The fallacy of Composition

A

The logical error, cited by Hume, in assuming that whatever is true of the part must be true of the whole.

17
Q

Objection strongest

A

Problem of evil - how can there be an all - powerful deity if evil still exists.