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ANAT2029 > Arm Elbow and Forearm > Flashcards

Arm Elbow and Forearm Flashcards

1
Q

The normal anatomical alignment of the humerus and ulna in
the frontal plane is:

A

10-15 degrees valgus

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2
Q

Define Valgus

A

The Distal bone is at a greater lateral angle to the proximal bone

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3
Q

Define Varus

A

The Distal bone is angled more medially than the proximal bone.

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4
Q

Name the three elbow joints

A

Humeroulnar - Trochlea of humerus & trochlear notch of ulna, Synovial Hynge, Flex and Extension
Humeroradial - Capitulum of humerus & head of radius, Synovial hinge, Flex and Extension
Proximal Radioulnar- Radial notch of ulnar & Head of radius, Synovial Pivot, Supernation + Pronation

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5
Q

What does load transfer from ulna and radius to trochlea depend on?

A
  1. Articular surface support
  2. Ligament support
  3. Muscular function
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6
Q

Define Cose-packed Position and what angle is it for the humeroulnar joint

A

The angle of a joint where there is the most articular contact, for the humeroulnar joint it is ~80 Degrees

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7
Q

State the joints of the forearm, the components, classification and movement

A

Proximal Radioulnar - Radial notch And head of humerus, Synovial pivot, supination and pronation
Distal Radioulnar - Distal ulna, ulna notch of radius, TFCC, Synovial pivot and plane, Supination and pronation

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8
Q

Identify the following ligaments

A
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9
Q

Identify the following ligaments

A
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10
Q

Define the Oblique Cord

A

A ligament that runs from the ulnar tuberosity to radius distal to the tuberosity, preventing supernation too far

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11
Q

Define interossius membrane

A

Joins the border of the radius to the ulnar

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12
Q

Name the two PRIMARY PASSIVE restraints against VALGUS forces of the elbow

A

medial ulnar collateral ligament and the ulnohumeral articulation

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13
Q

Which joint provides a SECONDARY PASSIVE restraint to VALGUS forces at the elbow?

A

The raduohumeral joint

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14
Q

Name the two PRIMARY PASSIVE restraints against VARUS forces:

A

Lateral collateral ligament complex and the ulnohumeral articulation

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15
Q

Which PASSIVE structure provides stability against posterolateral rotary subluxation?

A

lateral ulnar collateral ligament LUCL

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16
Q

In which direction do the fibres of the interosseous ligament run?

A

collagen fibres of the IOM run distally & medially from radius to ulna

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17
Q

Describe the relationship between tension in the interosseous ligament and PRU & DRU joint contact pressures:

A

When the pressure in the IOM increases the pressure also increases in the PRUJ and DRUJ

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18
Q

In which range of pronation – supination is there maximal force transmission across the PRUJ & DRUJ?

A

Neutral to 60 degrees of supernation

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19
Q

In which range of pronation – supination is the interosseous membrane lax?

A

Full pronation

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20
Q

Name the proximal and distal attachment, innervation and actions of long and short head of biceps brachii

A
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21
Q

Identify this muscle, distal and proximal attachments, innervation and actions

A

Brachialis
Prox: Anterior humerous
Distal: Ulnar Tuberosity
Innervation: Musculocutaneous (C5,6 PICK UP STICKS)
Elbow Flexion

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22
Q

Name the proximal and distal attachment, innervation and actions of all heads of Triceps Brachii

A
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23
Q

Name the proximal and distal attachment, innervation and actions of Pronator Teres

A

Proximal Attachment: Medial Epicondile + Coronoid process of ulna
Distal Attachment: Midshaft Radius
Innervation: Median Nerve C6,7
Actions: Pronation

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24
Q

Name the proximal and distal attachment, innervation and actions of Flexor Carpi Radialis

A

Proximal Attachment: Medial epicondyle of humerus
Distal Attachment: Base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal
Innervation: Medial Nerve (C6,7)
Action: Wrist flexion and abduction

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25
Name the proximal and distal attachment, innervation and actions of Palmaris Longus
Proximal Attachment: Medial Epicondyle of humerus Distal Attachment: Palmar appenuerosis Innervation: Median Nerve (C7,8) Actions: Tenses palmar aponeurosis and weak wrist flexion
26
Name the proximal and distal attachment, innervation and actions of Flexor carpi ulnaris
Proximal Attachment: Medial epicondyle humerus + Olecranon Distal attachment: Pisiform, Hamate and base of 5th metacarpal Innervation: Ulnar nerve (C7,8) Action: Wrist flexion + Adduction
27
Name the proximal and distal attachment, innervation and actions of Pronator Quadratus
Proximal Attachment: Distal Ulna Distal Attachment: Distal Radius Innervation: Median nerve( Anterior Interossius C,7+8) Action: Pronation
28
Name the proximal and distal attachment, innervation and actions of Flexor digitorium superficialis
Proximal Attachments: Humero-ulnar head: medial epicondyle & medial coronoid process + Shaft of radius Distal Attachments: Middle Phalanges digits 2-5 Innervation: Median Nerve C8T1 Action: 2nd-5th Proximal interphalangeal flexion + Wrist flexion
29
Name the proximal and distal attachment, innervation and actions of Flexor digitorum profundus
Proximal Attachment: Ulnar and interossius membrane Distal Attachment: distal phalanges digits 2-5 Innervation: Lateral half --> Median (C8T1) Medial Half --> Ulna Nerve (C8T1) Action: 2-5 Distal interphalangeal flexion also wrist and MCP Flexion
30
Name the proximal and distal attachment, innervation and actions of Flexor Pollicis Longus
Proximal Attachment: Radius and Interosseous membrane Distal Attachment: Distal Phalanx Thumb Innervation: Median Nerve (C7,8) Action: Pollicis (Thumb) interphalangeal flexion
31
Name the proximal and distal attachment, innervation and actions of Brachioradialis
Proximal Attachment: Lateral Supercondylar ridge Distal Attachment: Distal radius Innervation: Radial Nerve (C6,7) Actions: Elbow Flexion, Accessory Pronator (supernation --> Neutral)
32
Name the proximal and distal attachment, innervation and actions of Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Proximal Attachment: lateral supracondylar ridge Distal Attachment: dorsal surface of 2nd metacarpal Innervation: Radial Nerve (C6,7) Action: Wrist extension & abduction
33
Name the proximal and distal attachment, innervation and actions of Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
Proximal Attachment: Lateral epicondyle of humerus Distal Attachment: Dorsal surface base of 3rd metacarpal
34
Name the proximal and distal attachment, innervation and actions of Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
Proximal Attachment: Lateral epicondyle of humerus Distal Attachment: Dorsal surface base of 3rd metacarpal Innervation: Deep Radial Nerve (C7,8) Actions: Wrist Extension and adduction
35
Name the proximal and distal attachment, innervation and actions of Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Proximal Attachment: Lateral epicondyle of humerus Distal Attachment: dorsal surface of base of 5th metacarpal Innervation: Deep radial nerve (C7,8) Actions: Wrist extension and Adduction
36
Name the proximal and distal attachment, innervation and actions of Supernator
Proximal Attachments: Lateral epicondyle of humerus, Supinator crest ulna Distal attachments: Radius Innervation: Deep radial (C6,7) Action: Supination
37
Name the proximal and distal attachment, innervation and actions of anconeus
Proximal Attachment: Lateral epicondyle of humerus Distal Attachment: Olecranon & posterior proximal ulna & joint capsule Innervation: C6-8 Action: Retracts joint capsule during elbow extension, Adduction of ulna during pronation, Posterolateral stability
38
Name the proximal and distal attachment, innervation and actions of Extensor Digitorum
Proximal Attachment: Lateral Epicondyle Distal Attachment: Extensor hoods to middle and distal Phalanges 2-5 Innervation: ALL EXTENSORS DEEP RADIAL (C7,8) Action: Extends digits 2-5
39
Name the proximal and distal attachment, innervation and actions of Extensor digiti minimi
Proximal Attachment: Lateral epicondyle Distal Attachment: Extensor hood of 5th Digit Innervation: ALL EXTERNSORS DEEP RADIAL (C7,8) Action: Extends 5th Finger
40
Name the proximal and distal attachment, innervation and actions of Abductor pollicis longus
Proximal Attachment: Ulna, Radius Interisseus membrane Distal attachment: Base of MC1 Innervation: ALL EXTENSORS DEEP RADIAL (C7,8) Action: 1st digit metacarpophalangeal abduction
41
Name the proximal and distal attachment, innervation and actions of Extensor pollicis brevis
Proximal attachment: Radius and interosseous membrane Distal Attachment: Proximal phalanx of thumb Innervation: ALL EXTENSORS DEEP RADIAL (C7,8) Action: Extension of 1st metacarpophalangeal joint
42
Name the proximal and distal attachment, innervation and actions of Extensor pollicis longus
Proximal attachment: Ulna and interosseous membrane Distal attachment: Distal phalanx of thumb Innervation: ALL EXTENSORS DEEP RADIAL (C7,8) Action: Extension of 1st interphalangeal joint
43
Name the proximal and distal attachment, innervation and actions of Extensor indices
Proximal Attachment: Ulna and interossius membrane Distal Attachment: Extensor hood 2nd finger Innervation: ALL EXTENSORS DEEP RADIAL (C7,8) Action: Extend 2nd Finger
44
Name the two primary muscles of supination
Supinator, Biceps Brachii
45
Name the two primary muscles of pronation
Pronater Teres and Pronator Quadratus
46
Which muscle may assist pronation to neutral form a position of full supination?
Brachioradialis
47
Which muscle aBducts the ulna during fixed hand (like turning a key in a lock) pronation?
Anconeus
48
Name the 3 boundaries of the cubital fossa.
1. medial = pronator teres 2. lateral = brachioradialis 3. base = Medial and lateral epicondyle of humerus
49
Main contents of the cubital fossa are (Name 3)
Biceps brachii tendon Median nerve Brachial artery
50
What does the brachial artery divide into
Radial artery and ulnar artery
51
Identify the ligaments
52
Identify the ligaments
53
Identify the ligament
54
Identify the three parts:
55
Identify the following
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Identify The following
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Identify the following:
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Identify the following:

ANAT2029 (5 decks)

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