Arm, Forearm, and Hand

Question 1

Biceps Long Head

Answer 1

Origin: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Insertion: tuberosity of radius and bicipital aponeurosis into deep fascia of elbow
Nerve: musculocutaneous nerve
Action: supinator of forearm and flexor of elbow joint; weak flexor of shoulder joint

Question 2

Biceps Short Head

Answer 2

Origin: coracoid process of scapula
Insertion: tuberosity of radius and bicipital aponeurosis into deep fascia of forearm
Nerve: musculocutaneous nerve
Action: supinator of forearm and flexor of elbow joint; weak flexor of shoulder joint

Question 3

Coracobrachialis

Answer 3

Origin: coracoid process of scapula
Insertion: medial aspect of shaft of humerus
Nerve: musculocutaneous nerve
Action: flexes arm and also process of weak adducator

Question 4

Brachialis

Answer 4

Origin: front and lower half of humerus
Insertion: coracoid process of ulna
nerve: musculocutaneous nerve
Action: flexes elbow joint

Question 5

Triceps Long Head

Answer 5

Origin: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Insertion: olecranon process of ulna
Nerve: radial nerve
Action: extensor of elbow joint

Question 6

Triceps Medial Head

Answer 6

Origin: lower half of posterior surface of shaft of humerus
Insertion: olecranon process of ulna
Nerve: radial nerve
Action: extensor of elbow joint

Question 7

Triceps Lateral

Answer 7

Origin: upper half of posterior surface of shaft of humerus
Insertion: olecranon process of ulna
Nerve: radial nerve
Action: extensor of elbow joint

Question 8

Pronator Teres Humeral Head

Answer 8

Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: lateral aspect of shaft of radius
Nerve: median nerve
Action: pronation and flexion of forearm

Question 9

Pronator Teres Ulnar Head

Answer 9

Origin: medial border of coronoid process of ulna
Insertion: lateral aspect of shaft of radius
Nerve: median nerve
Action: flexion and extension of forearm

Question 10

Flexor Carpi Radialis

Answer 10

Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: bases of second and third metacarpal bones
Nerve: median nerve
Action: flexes and abducts had at wrist joint

Question 11

Palmaris Longus

Answer 11

Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis
Nerve: median nerve
Action: flexes hand

Question 12

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Humeral Head

Answer 12

Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: pisiform bone, hook of the hamate, base at fifth metacarpal bone
Nerve: ulnar nerve
Action: flexes and adducts hand at wrist joint

Question 13

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Ulnar Head

Answer 13

Origin: medial aspect of olecranon process and posterior border of ulna
Insertion: pisiform bone, hook of the hamate, base at fifth metacarpal bone
Nerve: ulnar nerve
Action: flexes and adducts hand at wrist joint

Question 14

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Humeroulnar Head

Answer 14

Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus and middle border of coronoid process of ulna
Insertion: middle phalanx of medial four fingers
Nerve: median nerve
Action: flexes middle phalanx of fingers and assists in flexing proximal phalanx and hand

Question 15

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Radial Head

Answer 15

Origin: oblique line on anterior surface of shaft of radius
Insertion: middle phalanx of medial four fingers
Nerve: median nerve
Action: flexes middle phalanx of fingers and assists in flexing proximal phalanx and hand

Question 16

Flexor Pollicis Longus

Answer 16

Origin: anterior aspect of shaft of radius
Insertion: distal phalanx of thumb
Nerve: anterior interosseous branch of median nerve
Action: flexes distal phalanx of thumb

Question 17

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

Answer 17

Origin: anteromedial aspect of shaft of ulna
Insertion: distal phalanx of medial four fingers
Nerve: ulnar (medial half) and median (lateral half) nerves
Action: flexes distal phalanx of fingers; then assists in flexion of middle and proximal phalanges and wrist

Question 18

Pronator Quadratus

Answer 18

Origin: anterior surface of shaft of ulna
Insertion: anterior surface of shaft of radius
Nerve: anterior interosseous branch of median nerve
Action: pronates forearm

Question 19

Brachioradialis

Answer 19

Origin: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
Insertion: base of styloid process of radius
Nerve: radial nerve
Action: flexes forearm at ridge of humerus, elbow joint, rotates forearm to the midprone position

Question 20

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

Answer 20

Origin: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
Insertion: posterior surface of base of second metacarpal bone
Nerve: radial nerve
Action: flexes and abducts hand at wrist joint

Question 21

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

Answer 21

Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: posterior surface of base of third metacarpal bone
Nerve: deep branch of radial nerve
Action: extends and abducts hand at wrist joint

Question 22

Extensor Digitorum

Answer 22

Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: middle and distal phalanges of medial four fingers
Nerve: deep branch of radial nerve
Action: extends fingers and hand

Question 23

Extensor Digiti Minimi

Answer 23

Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: extensor expansion of little finger
Nerve: deep branch of radial nerve
Action: extends metacarpal phalangeal joint of little finger

Question 24

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

Answer 24

Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: base of fifth metacarpal bone
Nerve: deep branch of radial nerve
Action: extends and adducts hand at wrist joint

Question 25

Anconeus

Answer 25

Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus Insertion: lateral surface of olecranon process of ulna Nerve: radial nerve Action: extends elbow joint

Question 26

Supinator

Answer 26

Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus, anular ligament of proximal radioulnar joint, and ulna Insertion: neck and shaft of radius Nerve: deep branch of radial nerve Action: supination of forearm

Question 27

Abductor Pollicis Longus

Answer 27

Origin: posterior surface of shafts of radius and ulna Insertion: base of first metacarpal bone Nerve: deep branch of radial nerve Action: abducts and extends thumb

Question 28

Extensor Pollicis Brevis

Answer 28

Origin: posterior surface of shaft of radius Insertion: base of proximal phalanx of thumb Nerve: deep branch of radial nerve Action: extends metacarpophalangeal joints of thumb

Question 29

Extensor Pollicis Longus

Answer 29

Origin: posterior surface of shaft of ulna Insertion: base of distal phalanx of thumb Nerve: deep branch of radial nerve Action: extends distal phalanx of thumb

Question 30

Extensor Indicis

Answer 30

Origin: posterior surface of shaft of ulna Insertion: extensor expansion of index finger Nerve: deep branch of radial nerve Action: extends metacarpophalangeal joint of index finger

Question 31

Palmaris Brevis

Answer 31

Origin: flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis Insertion: skin of palm Nerve: superficial branch of ulnar nerve Action: corrugates skin to improve grip of palm

Question 32

Lumbricals

Answer 32

Origin: tendon of flexor digitorum profundus Insertion: extensor expansion of medial four fingers Nerve: first and second (lateral two) median nerve; third and fourth deep branch of ulnar nerve Action: flex metacarpophalangeal joints and extends interphalangeal joints of fingers except thumb

Question 33

Palmar Interossei (4)

Answer 33

Origin: first arises from base of first metacarpal; remaining three from anterior surface of shafts of second, fourth, and fifth metacarpals Insertion: proximal phalanges of thumb and index, ring, and little fingers; dorsal extensor expansion of each finger Nerve: deep branch of ulnar nerve Action: adducts fingers toward center of third finger

Question 34

Dorsal Interossei (4)

Answer 34

Origin: contiguous sides of shafts of metacarpal bones Insertion: proximal phalanges of index, ring, and little fingers; dorsal extensor expansion Nerve: deep branch of ulnar nerve Action: abducts metacarpal fingers from center of third finger; both palmar and dorsal flex metacarpophalangeal joints and extend interphalangeal joints

Question 35

Abductor Pollicis Brevis

Answer 35

Origin: scaphoid, trapezium, flexor retinaculum Insertion: base of proximal phalanx of thumb Nerve: median nerve Action: abduction of thumb

Question 36

Flexor Pollicis Brevis

Answer 36

Origin: flexor retinaculum Insertion: base of proximal phalanx of thumb Nerve: median nerve Action: flexes metacarpophalangeal joint of thumb

Question 37

Opponens Pollicis

Answer 37

Origin: flexor retinaculum Insertion: shaft of metacarpal bone of thumb Nerve: median nerve Action: pulls thumb medially and forward across palm

Question 38

Adductor Pollicis

Answer 38

Origin: oblique head, second and third metacarpal bones, transverse head, third metacarpal bone Insertion: base of proximal phalanx of thumb Nerve: deep branch of ulnar nerve Action: adduction of thumb

Question 39

Abductor Digiti Minimi

Answer 39

Origin: pisiform bone Insertion: base of proximal phalanx of little finger Nerve: deep branch of ulnar nerve Action: abducts little finger

Question 40

Flexor Digiti Minimi

Answer 40

Origin: flexor retinaculum Insertion: base of proximal phalanx of little finger Nerve: deep branch of ulnar nerve Action: flexes little finger

Question 41

Opponens Digiti Minimi

Answer 41

Origin: flexor retinaculum Insertion: medial border of fifth metacarpal bone Nerve: deep branch of ulnar nerve Action: pulls fifth metacarpal bone forward as in cupping the palm