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Question 1

Erector Spinae

Answer 1

Origin: iliac crest, sacrum, transverse and spinous processes of vertebrae and supraspinal ligament
Insertion: angles of rib, transverse and spinous processes of vertebrae, posterior aspect of skull
Nerve: segmentally innervated by dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C1-S5
Action: extends and laterally bends the trunk, neck, and head

Question 2

Iliocostalis

Answer 2

Origin: iliac crest and sacrum
Inserts: angles of the ribs
Nerve: dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C4-S5
Action: extends and laterally rotates trunk and neck

Question 3

Interspinales

Answer 3

Origin: upper border of spinous process
Insertion: lower border of spinous process above
Nerve: dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C1-L5
Action: extends trunk and neck

Question 4

Intertransversarii

Answer 4

Origin: upper border of transverse process
Insertion: lower border of transverse process above
Nerve: dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C1-L5
Action: laterally bends trunk and neck

Question 5

Longissimus

Answer 5

Origin: transverse process at inferior vertebral levels
Insertion: transverse process at superior vertebral levels and mastoid process
Nerve: dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C1-S1
Action: extends and laterally bends trunk, head, and neck

Question 6

Obliquus Capitis Inferior

Answer 6

Origin: spinous process of the axis
Insertion: transverse process of atlas
Nerve: suboccipital nerve (DPR of C1)
Action: rotates the head to the same side

Question 7

Obliquus Capitis Superior

Answer 7

Origin: transverse process of atlas
Insertion: occipital bone above inferior nuchal line
Nerve: suboccipital nerve (DPR of C1)
Action: extends the head, and rotates the head to the same side

Question 8

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major

Answer 8

Origin: spinous process of axis
Insertion: inferior nuchal line
Nerve: suboccipital nerve (DPR of C1)
Action: extends the head and rotates to same side

Question 9

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor

Answer 9

Origin: posterior tubercle of atlas
Insertion: inferior nuchal line medially
Nerve: suboccipital nerve (DPR of C1)
Action: extends the head

Question 10

Rotatores

Answer 10

Origin: transverse processes
Insertion: long rotatores- spines 2 vertebrae above origin; short rotatores- spines 1 vertebrae above origin
Nerve: dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C1-T12
Action: rotates the vertebral column to the opposite side

Question 11

Serratus Posterior Inferior

Answer 11

Origin: thoracolumbar fascia; spines of vertebrae T11-12 and L1-L2
Insertion: ribs 9-12; lateral to the angles
Nerve: branches of the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves T9-T12
Action: pulls down lower ribs

Question 12

Serratus Posterior Superior

Answer 12

Origin: ligamentum nuchae; spines of vertebrae C7 and T1-T3
Insertion: ribs 1-4, lateral to the angles
Nerve: branches of the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves T1-T4
Action: elevates the upper ribs

Question 13

Spinalis

Answer 13

Origin: spinous processes at inferior vertebral levels
Insertion: spinous processes at superior vertebral levels and base of the skull
Nerve: dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C2-L3
Action: extends and laterally bends the trunk and neck

Question 14

Splenius

Answer 14

Origin: ligamentum nuchae and spines C7-T6
Insertion: capitis- mastoid process and superior nuchal line laterally; cervicis- posterior tubercles of C1-C3 vertebrae
Nerve: dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C2-C6
Action: extends and laterally bends neck and head; rotates head to same side

Question 15

Splenius Capitis

Answer 15

Origin: ligamentum nuchae and spines of C7-T6 vertebrae
Insertion: mastoid process and lateral end of superior nuchal line
Nerve: dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves of C2-C6
Action: laterally bends neck and head; rotates head to same side

Question 16

Splenius Cervicis

Answer 16

Origin: ligamentum nuchae and spines of C7-T6 vertebrae
Insertion: posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1-C3 vertebrae
Nerve: dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C2-C6
Action: extends and laterally bends neck and head; rotates head to same side