Arm Script

Question 1

The arm is the part of the upper limb which extends from the ________ to the ___________.

Answer 1

Axilla; elbow

Question 2

Muscles of the arm. Of these muscles, which is the only one that does not move the forearm?

Answer 2

Corocobrachialis

Biceps

Brachialis

Triceps

Question 3

As the radial nerve descends throught he midregion of the arm, it runs alongside the _______ of the humerus.

Answer 3

Spiral groove

Question 4

As the ulnar nerve, descends from the arm into the forearm, it passes directly behind the __________ of the humerus.

Answer 4

Medial epicondyle

Question 5

What are the three major features of the upper end of the radius?

Answer 5

Head of the radius (covered with hyaline cartilage)

Neck of the radius

Radial tuberosity

Question 6

What are the two major features of the lower end of the radius?

Answer 6

Styloid process

Ulnar notch of the radius

Question 7

Distal radius fracture

Answer 7

break of the part of the radius bone which is close to the wrist

the most common cause is falling on an outstretched hand (in older peeps)

NOTE: when such a fracure occurs in a young child, the fracture typically consists of deformations in the structure of the bone.

Question 8

Torus fracture

Answer 8

Results when conpression forces along the length of the radius caused the cortical bone tissue in the distal radius to buckle outward

Question 9

What are the two types of deformaties that can present as a result of a distal radius fracture?

Answer 9

Torus fracture

Greenstick fracture

Question 10

Greenstick fracture

Answer 10

Results from excess stresses along the length of the radius causing a complete break in the continuity of the cortical bone tissue on one side of the shaft but only bent the cortical bone tissue on the opposite side

Question 11

Colles’ fracture

Answer 11

A distal radius fracture that primarily occurs in older people when they fall on an outstreched hand.

The fracture typically extends transversely though the distal radius and results in the distal fragment being both posteriorly displaced and posteriorly angulated.

A.k.a. dinner fork deformity

Question 12

The upper end of the ulna has two large processes: an anteriorly projecting _______________ and a superiorly projecting ___________

Answer 12

coronoid process; olecranon process.

Question 13

. The olecranon and coronoid processes together form a large notch called the ______________ notch in the anterior surface of the upper end of the ulna

Answer 13

trochlear

Question 14

Role of the elbow joint

Answer 14

Joins the distal end of the humerus with the oriximal ends of the radius and ulna

Question 15

In the lateral side of the elbow joint, the _____________ of the humerus articulates with the head of the radius.

Answer 15

Capitulum

Question 16

On the medial side of the elbow joint, the _________ of the humerus articulates with trochlear notch of the ulna.

Answer 16

trochlea

Question 17

What movements can occur in the elbow joint?

Answer 17

Flexion and extension of the forearm

Question 18

A lateral radiograph of the elbow joint is particular suitable for examining which parts of the forearm?

Answer 18

Olecranon process of the ulna

The head and neck of the radius

Radial tuberosisty

Question 19

The fat pad overlying the coronoid fossa of the humerus is called the ______________, and the fat pad overlying the olecranon fossa of the humerus is called the ___________.

Answer 19

anterior fat pad; posterior fat pad.

Question 20

How do elbow joint injuries usually present?

Answer 20

Usually present with an increase in fluid (effusion) within the synovial cavity of the joint. The swollen capsule of the elbow joint pushes the anterior fat pad forward and the posterior fat pad backward.

Question 21

Can the posterior fat pad be found in a lateral radiograph of the elbow joint?

Answer 21

Not typically but may be visible when there is injury to the elbow joint due to the swollen capsule of the elbow joint

Question 22

Proximal radioulnar joint

Answer 22

Synovial joint in which the head of the radius articules with radial notch of the ulna.

Question 23

____________ surrounds the head of the radius in the proximal radioulnar joint.

Answer 23

Annular ligament

Question 24

Distal radioulnar joint

Answer 24

Joins the lower ends of the radius and ulna

The head of the ulna articulates with ulnar notch of the radius

Question 25

An integral component of the distal radioulnar joint is a triangular-shaped articular disc composed of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 25

fibrous cartilage

Question 26

Action of the proximal and distal radioulnar joints

Answer 26

Provides for subination and pronation of the forearm

Question 27

Partial dislocation of the elbow results when\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 27

The radius is pulled away from the capitulum. This sublaxation may produce a transverse tear in the annular ligement near its attachments to the neck of the radius

Question 28

Pulled elbow

Answer 28

The underlying mechanism involves slippage of the annular ligament off of the head of the radius followed by the ligament getting stuck between the radius and humerus

Question 29

When obtaining a X- ray for a pulled elbow, will the lateral radiograph show any displacement of the head of the radius?

Answer 29

No. Because, with a pulled elbow, it is the upper part of the annular ligament and not the head of the radius that is displaced at the time of examination

Question 30

All the anterior arm muscles are innervated by the ________________ nerve; as a group, the anterior arm muscles _________ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_the forearm. There is only one posterior arm muscle, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 30

musculocutaneous; flex; supinate; triceps brachii

Question 31

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the coracobrachialis?

Answer 31

Origin: Coracoid process of the scapula Insertion: Shaft of the humerus Action: Flexion and adduction of the arm at the shoulder joint

Question 32

Insertion of biceps brachii

Answer 32

Radial tuberosity

Question 33

The tendon of the long head of biceps gives rise to a shett-like extension called the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 33

Bicipital aponeurosis

Question 34

Action of biceps branchii

Answer 34

Supination and flexion of the forearm

Question 35

Purpose of the biceps branchii test

Answer 35

The biceps brachii tendon reflex test assesses spinal cord reflex activity in the C5 and C6 spinal cord segments because biceps brachii is innervated by nerve fibers that enter and exit the spinal cord chiefly via the C5 and C6 spinal nerves.

Question 36

Origin, Insertion, and Action of the Brachialis

Answer 36

Origin: Lower half of the anterior surface of the shaft of the humerus Insertion: Anterior surface of the upper ulna near the coronoid process Actions: Chief flexor of the arm

Question 37

Flexion of the forearm at the elbow joint is controlled **mainly** by which nerve fibers? Why?

Answer 37

C6 because biceps and brachii and brachialis muscles each receive more nerve fibers from C6 than C5.

Question 38

Origin of triceps

Answer 38

Long head: Infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula Lateral Head: posterior part of the humeral shaft which is lateral and superior to the spiral groove Medial head: Posterior part of the humeral shaft which is medial and inferior to the spiral groove

Question 39

Which muscle is the chief extensor of the forearm?

Answer 39

Triceps

Question 40

Insertion of triceps

Answer 40

Olecranon

Question 41

Extension of the forearm is controlled predominantly by ______ nerve fibers.

Answer 41

C7 Note: Triceps Brachii receive more innervation from C7 than C8 nerve fibers

Question 42

Erb's palsy

Answer 42

paralysis of the arm caused by injury to the upper group of the arm's main nerves, specifically the severing of the upper trunk **C5–C6 nerves.**

Question 43

What is the most common cause of Erb's palsy?

Answer 43

shoulder dystocia during a difficult birth

Question 44

Which muscles are most commonly affected by damage to damge to C5 and C6 nerve fibers?

Answer 44

Rotator cuff muscles Deltoid Teres major Biceps Brachii Brachialis

Question 45

Which nerves are most affected by damage to nerve fibers C5 AND C6?

Answer 45

Axillary nerve Musculocutaneous Suprascapular nerve

Question 46

Paralysis of supraspinatus and deltoid results in the inability to....

Answer 46

Abduct the arm at the shoulder joint

Question 47

Paralysis of infraspinatus, teres minor, and delotid results in the inability to....

Answer 47

Externally rotate the arm at the shoulder joint

Question 48

Paralysis of subscapularis, teres major, and deltoid results in...

Answer 48

Weakened ability to internally rotate the arm

Question 49

What would be the result of paralysis of all muscles of the rotator cuff?

Answer 49

The shoulder joint would be profoundly destabilized

Question 50

Paralysis of biceps brachii and brachialis would result in...

Answer 50

Weakened flexion of the forearm

Question 51

Where does the brachial arty end?

Answer 51

By dividing into the ulnar and radial arteries at the level of the neck of the radius

Question 52

The deep artery of the arm arises from the brachial artery immediately below the lower border of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, passes into the posterior muscular compartment, and then extends distally through the midregion of the arm by coursing alongside the ___________ of the humerus.

Answer 52

teres major; spiral groove

Question 53

The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_veins are the largest superficial veins of the arm.

Answer 53

basilic; cephalic

Question 54

Which nerve fibers provides most of the sensory innervation to the skin on the **lateral** side of the arm?

Answer 54

. C5 provides most of the sensory innervation to the skin on the lateral side of the arm.

Question 55

Which nerve fiber provides the most sensory innervation to the skin on the medial side of the arm?

Answer 55

T1 and T2 combine to provide most of the sensory innervation to the skin on the medial side of the arm.