Arousal

Question 1

Arousal

Answer 1

An energised state a readiness to perform
It is presented before, during and after the sport in varying levels. Correct levels can push you to peak performance too little or too much can cause huge problems.

Question 2

Drive theory

Answer 2

Initial motivation causes increased drive, more effort more success and repetition of the same response.
Increases in linear fashion
Is explained by the formula p=f(DxH)

Question 3

The dominant response

Answer 3

A high arousal we pick up less information (attentional narrowing) and focus on the dominant response

• if the task is simple or the performer is an expert then the response will be correct
• if the task is complex or the performer is a novice the performer may be impaired

Question 4

Drive theory formula

Answer 4

Performance= habit strength X drive
P=H D
The more elite sports person is aroused the better their performance due to the dominant response being chosen is habitual.
The more beginner sports person is aroused the dominant response may be incorrect and high levels of arousal can cause a deterioration in performance

Question 5

The inverted U theory

Answer 5

• Increased arousal improves performance but only to a moderate level, after which more arousal causes performance to suffer.
• under and over arousal can be equally bad for performance.
• The optimal level of arousal can vary within this as a skill level, personality of the performer and task undertaken have an affect.

Question 6

Problems with the inverted U theory

Answer 6

• critics question if optimal arousal always occurs at the mid point of the curve.
• one curve does not explain the difference optimal levels of arousal needed for simple and complex tasks.

Question 7

Catastrophe theory

Answer 7

Is an adaptation of the inverted U theory
Increased arousal improves performance to a point but an intense combination of somatic ( muscular tension, increased HR) and cognitive ( loss of concentration, fear about performance) anxieties causes a dramatic deterioration in performance.
-The player can only recover if initial anxiety is low and their is no time available.
-player may not recover

Question 8

Impact of incorrect arousal in sport

Answer 8

Under aroused- poor selective attention/ cues missed
Lack of concentration/focus
Social loafing
Ringelman effect
Slower/poor reaction time/response time/slower decision making
Attentional wastage
Attentional narrowing
Failed to reach zone of optimal functioning/ peak flow experience

Question 9

Impact of incorrect arousal in sport

Answer 9

Over arousal-poor selective attention
Violence
Break rules

Question 10

Attentional wastage

Answer 10

Performers concentration is misdirected to irrelevant cues. Can damage a performance especially in novices.

Question 11

Social loafing

Answer 11

Individual loss of motivation in a team player due to lack of performance identification when affords aren’t recognised.

Question 12

Attentional narrowing

Answer 12

Occurs when a performer is aroused to they focus on certain cues and ignore others. Linked to dominant response.