Arrhythmias Flashcards
What is the normal Heart rate?
60-100 bpm
What is Tachycardia?
Above 100 bpm
What is Bradycardia ?
Below 60 bpm
What is Paroxysmal Af?
Episodes that stop within 7 days, usually within 48 hours without treatment
What is Pil in the pocket used to treat?
Manages paroxysmal Af by taking when the episode starts
What are AF symptoms?
SAD Palpitations = Palpitations,abnormally fast,slow irregular, Dizzieness and faint
AF causes?
Coronary heart disease (which causes angina or mi), Heart valve disease,Hypertension,ageing,Cardiomyopathy (disorder of the muscle),congenital from birth,abnormality in electrical pathways
What is AF
irregular beats= blood collecting and higher chance. Of blood clot= stroke
What are the AIMS of AF treatment?
Reduce symptoms,prevent complications eg. Stroke
What needs to be assessed with AF?
Stroke risk, Thromboembolism PE and DVT risk, Needs to be balanced with the risk of bleeding
What’s the key point AF treatment?
Each Arrhytmias has a specific type of treatment option, Need to treat the underlying cause - CHD and hypertension for example
What options are there for AF treatment?
Medication,Cardioversion (electrical or pharm - flecanide or amiodarone), Artifical pacemakers, implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs)
What are the steps for Acute presentation - new onset?
STEP 1: Life threatening haemodynamic instability (unstable blood flow), emergency cardioversion - SHOCK or IF AF,SOB PALPITATIONS ( Acute and not life threatening we need to decide between Rate or Rhythm. If less than 48 hours =2 days Rhythm, If more than 48hours Rate
Anticoagulation EXAM NUGGET -Parenteral anticoagulations Heparin?
Offered to patients with new onset AF (acute),who are receiving no anticoagulation until assessment is made and appropriate anticoagulation is started.
Anticoagulation EXAM NUGGET - Oral anticoagulants DOACS - Apixaban and edoxaban
Recommended as first line, if contraindicated eg. In renal impairment then, Vitamin K antagonists eg. Warfarin
Anticoagulation EXAM NUGGET - when else are oral anticoagulants offered?
Offered in confirmed AF
What anti arrhythmias are used in supraventricular arrhythmias?
Verapamil, adenosine, cardiac glycosides
Which anti arrhythmias are used in ventricular arrhythmias?
Lidocaine,sotalol
Which anti arrhythmias are used in supraventricular and verntricular arrhythmias?
Amiodarone and beta blockers.
What is the Vaughn Williams classification according to?
According to effects on electrical activity
What are class 1?
Membrane stabilising drugs (eg. Lidocaine and flecanide) or sodium channel blockers
What are class 1?
Membrane stabilising drugs (eg. Lidocaine and flecanide) or sodium channel blockers
Class 11?
Beta Blockers
Class 111?
Amiodarone, sotalol (also class 2), potassium Chanel blockers
