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Flashcards in Arsenic Deck (19)
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1
Q

where is arsenic found?

A

dips, sprays, ectoparsite control
herbicide
heart worm medication (thiacetarsamide
feed additive

2
Q

What are the forms of arsenic?

A

inorganic - very toxic

organic (arsenates, arsenites) - less toxic

3
Q

what is the absorption and distribution?

A

through skin and GIT

accumulates in energy rich tissue (liver, kidney, GIT epithelium)
chronic can lead to accumulation in hair and hoof

4
Q

What is the metabolism and he excretion?

A

inorganic forms are methylated

excreted in the bile and urine
half life a few days

5
Q

What is the MOA?

A

inorganic cause chemical irritation and tissue degen

arsenic in general is a metabolic poison resulting in impaired cellular respiration and uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation

degen in high energy requiring tissue

6
Q

with inorganic poisoning what are the two syndromes present?

A

acute

subacute

7
Q

with inorganic acute syndrome what are the clinical manifestations?

A
sudden onset
sudden death (due to shock)
vomiting, abdominal pain, weakness, atazia, recumbancy, shock, diarrhea, 
death 3-4h
terminal convulsions
8
Q

with inorganic subacute syndrome what are the clinical manifestations? whats the duration?

A

duration 2-7d
- more neuro

GIT

  • colic
  • vomiting, diarrhea, slaivation, grinding teeth, anorexia, thirst

usually dehydrated and in shock

CNS
- muscle tremors, incoordination, clonic convulsions, hind end paralysis

9
Q

what is seen with inorganic chronic poisoning?

A

same systems are affected but clinical manifestations are vague
- unthrisfty aniaml, poor growth, indigestion, reduced milk production, abortion ,buccal cavity ulcers

10
Q

What is the Dx of inorganic arsenic poisoning?

A

GIT and neuro signs
- analysis of liver kidney, hair and food samples

path
- severe gatroenteritis, degen changes in most systems

11
Q

What is the treatment for inorganic arsenic poisoning?

A

high levels = death
sodium thiosulfate, british anitlewisite and astringents may be usedful
fluid therapy for shock

12
Q

What three forms are there of organic arsenic? (less toxic feed additives)

A

arsanilic acid
raxarsome
nitrophenylarsonic acid

13
Q

Why is there diagnositc problems with organic arsenic poisoning?

A

75% eliminated within 24h after exposure termination

14
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of organic arsenic?

A

may take weeks to develop

no GI so continue to eat feed until late stages of disease

15
Q

What are the clinical signs of acute organic arsenic poisoning?

A

within 1w

  • incoordination, ataxia
  • paralysis
  • blindness
  • no anorexia or GIT sings
16
Q

What are the clinical signs of chronic organic arsenic poisoning?

A

similar but to lesser degree

17
Q

What is the Dx of organic arsenic?

A

history of exposure
clinical signs (neuro)
feed analysis
tissue sample (with caution because excreted rapidly)

18
Q

What is the treatment?

A

usually make uneventful recovery if removed from source

19
Q

What is the economical implication?

A

withdrawal times very short