arterial blood gases

Question 1

define respiratory acidosis

Answer 1

abnormal CO2 retention due to hypoventilation

Question 2

what are some main causes respiratory acidosis

Answer 2

lung disease, TBI, stroke, OD causing resp depression

Question 3

define respiratory alkalosis

Answer 3

excessive loss of CO2 by hyperventilation

Question 4

what are some main causes (pt presentations/conditions) respiratory alkalosis

Answer 4

anxiety, aspirin OD, (also causes metabolic acidosis) high altitude,fever

Question 5

define metabolic acidosis

Answer 5

reduction of plasma bicarbonate HCO3

Question 6

what causes metabolic acidosis

Answer 6

severe diarrhea, DKA, lactic acidosis

Question 7

define metabolic alkalosis

Answer 7

pH of over 7.45. involves a primary increase in bicarbonate due to loss of H+

Question 8

what causes metabolic alkalosis

Answer 8

vomiting (loss of HCL), alkaline drugs, loss of potassium

Question 9

What does ROME stand for?

Answer 9

Respiratory Opposite Metabolic Equal

Question 10

In UNCOMPENSATED respiratory acidosis, which way do the levels go?

Answer 10

pH- down
CO2- up
HCO3- no resulting increase

Question 11

In partially compensated respiratory acidosis, which way do the levels go?

Answer 11

pH- down
CO2- up
bicarbonate- up

Question 12

in FULLY compensated respiratory acidosis, which way do the levels go?

Answer 12

pH- normal
CO2- elevated
bicarbonate- elevated

Question 13

examples of causes of respiratory acidosis

Answer 13

severe asthma
pneumonia
hypoventilation

Question 14

in UNCOMPENSATED respiratory alkalosis, which way do the levels go?

Answer 14

pH- elevated
CO2- decreased
HCO3- normal

Question 15

in UNCOMPENSATED respiratory alkalosis, which way do the levels go?

Answer 15

pH- elevated
CO2- decreased
HCO3- normal

Question 16

In PARTIALLY compensated respiratory alkalosis,which way do the levels go?

Answer 16

pH- elevated
CO2- decreased
HCO3- decreased

Question 17

in FULLY compensated respiratory alkalosis, which way do the levels go?

Answer 17

pH- normal
CO2- decreased
HCO3- decreased

Question 18

in FULLY compensated respiratory alkalosis, which way do the levels go?

Answer 18

pH- normal
CO2- decreased
HCO3- decreased

Question 19

examples of causes of respiratory alkalosis

Answer 19

hyperventilation
panick attack
ASA overdose

Question 20

in UNCOMPENSATED metabolic acidosis, which way to the levels go?

Answer 20

pH- decreased
CO2- no change, normal
HCO3- decreased

Question 21

in PARTIALLY compensated metabolic acidosis, which way to the levels go?

Answer 21

ph- decreased
CO2- decreased
HCO3- decreased

Question 22

in FULLY compensated metabolic acidosis, which way do the levels go?

Answer 22

pH- normal
CO2- decreased
HCO3- decreased

Question 23

Examples of causes of metabolic acidosis

Answer 23

DKA
lactic acid acidosis
rhabdomyolysis

Question 24

in UNCOMPENSATED metabolic alkalosis, which way do the levels go?

Answer 24

pH- elevated
CO2 - remains normal
HCO3- increased

Question 25

in PARTIALLY compensated metabolic alkalosis,which way do the levels go?

Answer 25

pH- elevated CO2- elevated HCO3- elevated

Question 26

in FULLY compensated metabolic alkalosis, which way do the levels go?

Answer 26

pH- normal CO2- elevated HCO3- elevated

Question 27

examples of causes of metabolic alkalosis

Answer 27

loss of acid alkaline drugs loss of potassium

Question 28

compensation mechanisms: PCO2

Answer 28

ventilation

Question 29

compensation mechanisms: HCO3

Answer 29

metabolism (kidneys)

Question 30

Complete compensation, pH normal or not normal?

Answer 30

normal

Question 31

incomplete compensation, is pH normal or not normal?

Answer 31

not normal

Question 32

what is the compensatory mechanism for respiratory acidosis?

Answer 32

kidneys retain HCO3 to INCREASE pH

Question 33

what is the compensatory mechanism for respiratory alkalosis?

Answer 33

kidneys excrete HCO3 to DECREASE pH

Question 34

what is the compensatory mechanism for metabolic acidosis?

Answer 34

lungs blow off CO2 to INCREASE pH

Question 35

what is the compensatory mechanism for metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 35

lungs retain CO2 to DECREASE pH

Question 36

why does diarrhea cause metabolic acidosis?

Answer 36

diarrhea most common cause of alkali loss causing metabolic acidosis. loss of sodium bicarbonate