hemotological

Question 1

What are anemia disorders?

Answer 1

conditions that result in lowered oxygen carrying capacity of the blood

Question 2

what are the 2 main dysfunctions of anemia?

Answer 2

RBC dysfunction
HBG dysfunction

Question 3

what are 2 main compensatory changes in patients with anemia?

Answer 3

ventricular hypertrophy
increased erythropoiesis - bone pain

Question 4

true or false: anemias are a red flag in males as they are much less common

Answer 4

true

Question 5

2 main blood loss anemias

Answer 5

rapid bloodless
insidious bloodloss

Question 6

what is a hemolytic anemia

Answer 6

anemia thar is a result of RBC destruction

Question 7

causes of hemolytic anemia

Answer 7

transfusion reactions
mechanical injury
toxins
inherited disorders (sickle cell)

Question 8

signs of hemolysis

Answer 8

jaundice - increased RBC products: bilirubin, acute kidney failure due to HBG accumulation

Question 9

what is sickle cell anemia?

Answer 9

hemolytic anemia that is inherited

Question 10

What happens to the RBC in sickle cell?

Answer 10

becomes misshapen - HBG S

Question 11

3 main conditions sickle cell leads to:

Answer 11

anemia
pain
organ failure

Question 12

What is the basic patho of sickle cell?

Answer 12

HbS sickles when deoxygenated/low oxygen
sickle HbS aggregates with RBC cytoplasm, becoming semi-solid and deforming RBC

Question 13

true or false: reoxygenating may allow sickle RBC to return to normal?

Answer 13

true

Question 14

sickle cell becomes trapped in spleen leading to ______________

Answer 14

microphage phagotization

Question 15

what are the 3 main reasons sickled cells are more prone to occluding vessels?

Answer 15

more adherent to vascular endothelial
can trigger coagulation
release of nitric oxide (vasodilator) from sickled cell is impaired

Question 16

what are some main triggers for sickling and vessel occlusion?

Answer 16

cold stress
physical exertion
infection/illnesses
hypoxia
dehydration
acidosis

Question 17

true or false: sickle cell anemia can lead or organ failure

Answer 17

true

Question 18

What can organ failure (atrophic) in spleen lead to:

Answer 18

immunocompromise

Question 19

what is the leading cause of death in patients with sickle cell anemia?

Answer 19

acute chest crisis

Question 20

what is acute chest crisis?

Answer 20

atypical pneumonia resulting from pulmonary infarction

Question 21

what type of anemia are Thalassemias

Answer 21

hemolytic

Question 22

true or false: iron-deficient anemia is the most common cause of anemia

Answer 22

true

Question 23

what are megaloblastic anemias?

Answer 23

anemia resulting from impaired DNA synthesis leading to enlarged RBCs with poor maturation and division

Question 24

2 main common causes of megaloblastic anemias

Answer 24

B12 deficiency
folic acid deficiency

Question 25

what is pernicious anemia?

Answer 25

a megaloblastic anemia due to atrophic gastritis

Question 26

what is aplastic anemia

Answer 26

disorder of pluripotent bone marrow stem cells

Question 27

what is the result of aplastic anemia

Answer 27

low RBC LOW WBC low platelets

Question 28

true or false": in aplastic anemia, immunoconpromise can occur due to neutropenia

Answer 28

true

Question 29

what is thrombocytopenia

Answer 29

deficiency in platelets in blood

Question 30

what are coagulation disorders due to? 2 main things

Answer 30

defects or deficiencies of clotting factors may be inherited or due to over-consumption/poor production

Question 31

3 main inherited clotting disorders

Answer 31

von willdebrand disease hemophilia A hemophilia B

Question 32

what are the 2 main types of lymphomas

Answer 32

non-hodgkin lymphoma hodgkin lymphoma

Question 33

main difference between non-hodgkin and hodgkin

Answer 33

non: may involve b or t cells; represents variety of neoplasm hodgkin: presence of Reed-sternberg cell- a large, atypical multinuclear tumor cell

Question 34

what blood type is classified as universal donor?

Answer 34

Type O

Question 35

What blood type is classified as the universal recipient?

Answer 35

AB

Question 36

define hematocrit

Answer 36

measurement OF RBC percentage in total blood volume

Question 37

what are the 3 components of totle blood volume when drawn into vial?

Answer 37

plasma, Buffy coat, red blood cells

Question 38

which organ is responsible for producing clotting factors in the blood?

Answer 38

liver

Question 39

RBCs are derived from ______ _______ within the _______. ________. RBC production is stimulated by _______, a protein secreted by the _______

Answer 39

stem cells bone marrow erythropoietin kidneys

Question 40

3 main organs of hematologic system

Answer 40

bone narrow, lover, spleen

Question 41

true or false: bone marrow is the primary site for cell production in the body

Answer 41

true

Question 42

what is the spleen role as it relates to cells?

Answer 42

filters and breaksdown RBCs assists with production of lymphocytes stores 1/3 of body's platelets

Question 43

what part of the body produces leukocytes, erythrocyte and thrombocytes?

Answer 43

bone marrow