Arterial Pressure Reg

Question 1

Regulation of _______ ________ is accomplished by a complex system of positive and negative feedback systems.

Answer 1

arterial pressure

Question 2

arterial pressure maintained by multiple ______ and ______ systems

Answer 2

nervous and hormonal

Question 3

mean arterial pressure needed to allow for adequate _______ ______ to all tissues

Answer 3

nutrient delivery

Question 4

At critical flows blood shunted to critical systems for life: ______ _______ _______

Answer 4

CNS, heart, kidneys

Question 5

At basic level, Regulation of arterial pressure determined by ___________ __________ and _____ ________ ________

Answer 5

Cardiac Output CO-

Total Peripheral Resistance TPR

Question 6

mechanoreceptors for transducing pressure and pressure changes to NS AP —> CNS (nervous portion)

Answer 6

baroreceptors

Question 7

baroreceptor locations (2)

Answer 7

carotid sinus-

aortic arch

Question 8

Baroreceptors sensitive to (2)

Answer 8

changes in pressure-

rate of change of pressure

Question 9

baroreceptor impulses carried via CNs ___ and ___ to the _____ and ______

Answer 9

IX glosopharangeal and X Begus=

medulla and pons

Question 10

Medulla/ pons regulation of BP via the ______ _____ ______ modulating _______/__________ NS outflow to _____ and _______ ________

Answer 10

autonomic nervous system -
sympathetic/parasympathetic-
heart and blood vessels

Question 11

level of contractility ^ or v by

Answer 11

the level of sympathetic “tone” to arterioles and venules (vascular smooth muscle)

Question 12

CNS CHEMORECEPTORS react to levels of ___, ____, and _____ in blood and CSF

Answer 12

O2, CO2, and pH

Question 13

stimulation of CNS chemoreceptors results in symp or parasymp modification of ____ ______

Answer 13

blood pressure

Question 14

disorders that may lead to autonomic hyperreflexia

Answer 14

higher spinal cord injury, MS

Question 15

intracerebral bleed may lead to

Answer 15

acute hypertension

Question 16

afferent neuron disease or peripheral neuropathies may be from

Answer 16

diabetes mellitus, alcoholic neurophathy, tabes dorsalis

Question 17

angiotensenogen released systemically by

Answer 17

liver–in response to decreased BP or adverse Na concentrations

Question 18

Renin released by _____ and cleaves angiotensenogen to form__________

Answer 18

kidneys-

angiotensin I

Question 19

ACE

Answer 19

angiotensin converting enzyme–pulmonary circulation

Question 20

ACE further modifies ___________ to form ___________

Answer 20

angiotensen I, angiotensen II

Question 21

ACE also produced in vasculature of ______, _______, ______, and _______

Answer 21

adrenal gland, heart, brain, kidneys

Question 22

2 main systems for arterial pressure drug regulation

Answer 22

1. autonomic NS
2. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
   Nervous/hormone

Question 23

faster system for arterial pressure regulation

Answer 23

Nervous over hormonal

Question 24

^ vagal tone =

Answer 24

slow heart contractility

Question 25

dx of nerve damage as from diabetes for orthostatic hypotension

Answer 25

1. take BP/pulse just after standing

Question 26

dx of orthostatic for autonomic dysfunction

Answer 26

take serial BP 10 min after standing

Question 27

Nervous control of arterial pressure constituents 3.

Answer 27

1. baroreceptors (carotid sinus & aortic arch) 2. baroreceptor reflex sequence (CN IX & X) study ppt slide 6 3. chemoreceptors (central & peripheral--O2, CO2, & pH)

Question 28

no O2 in environment --> minute ventilation will go

Answer 28

way up--usually driven by CaCO2

Question 29

Angiotensen II primarly leads to release of _______ from adrenal cortex (zona glomerulosa cells)

Answer 29

aldosterone

Question 30

aldosterone acts on ______ ______ ______ cells promoting INCREASED reabsorption of ____, ^ blood volume

Answer 30

distal renal tubule, | sodium Na+

Question 31

angiotensin II further actions 3

Answer 31

1. acts as direct vasoconstrictor--> ^total peripheral resistance 2. constriction of renal efferent arterioles (preserve GFR) 3. stimulates Na+ - H+ exchange in renal proximal tubule ^ Na+/ HCO3 reabsorption

Question 32

in normal situations of depletion (hemorrhage, dehydration) of circulating blood volume, RAA system

Answer 32

attempts to preserve blood volume and flow

Question 33

ACE inhibitors will

Answer 33

control hypertension--not as much aldo released

Question 34

spironolactone

Answer 34

antimineralocorticoid (treats ^ BP)

Question 35

ADH secreted by

Answer 35

POSTERIOR pituitary--controlled by hypothalamus

Question 36

ADH secreted in response to

Answer 36

serum osmolarity (norm 295) & low circulating blood volume

Question 37

ADH promotes-- V1 receptors

Answer 37

renal water reabsorption

Question 38

ADH promotes--V2 receptors

Answer 38

vasoconstriction in arterioles smooth muscles

Question 39

Brain natriuretic peptide aka

Answer 39

atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Question 40

ANP released secreted by ATRIA in response to

Answer 40

increased VOLUME and PRESSURE in atria

Question 41

ANP inhibits

Answer 41

renal Na+ REABSORPTION & aldo release

Question 42

ANP useful lab measurement for

Answer 42

heart failure--

Question 43

ANP opposes

Answer 43

aldosterone -- in reference to renal retention of Na+

Question 44

ANP mediates vasodilation of ________ renal arterioles, and constriction of ______ renal arteriles

Answer 44

AFFERENT, EFFERENT Increases GFR

Question 45

vasopressin also has ________-_______ properties

Answer 45

vaso-contrictive--INCREASES arterial pressure from 2 dirrections slide14

Question 46

SI ADH

Answer 46

syndrome of inappropriate of ADH -- low serum Na+ CONCENTRATION due to high water (blood volume) retention