Arterial Testing

Question 1

Name three signs/symptoms for chronic occlusive disease

Answer 1

Claudication
Ischemic rest pain
Tissue loss

Question 2

This type of pain occurs during exercise or activity due to inadequate blood supply to the muscles

Answer 2

Claudication

*the level of the disease is usually proximal to the location of the symptoms, EX: pain in thigh, check prox.

Question 3

With acute arterial occlusion, the symptoms include the “6 P’s”, what are they?

Answer 3

Pain, Pallor, pulselessness, paresthesia, paralysis, polar

Question 4

Name three possible causes of acute arterial occlusion

Answer 4

Thrombus
Emboli
Trauma

Question 5

This vasospastic disorder involves intermittent digital ischemia due to COLD exposure or emotional STRESS

Answer 5

Raynaud’s phenomenon

Question 6

Name three possible skin color changes with vasospastic disorders

Answer 6

Pallor
Cyanosis
Rubor

Question 7

Does the following information describe primary or secondary Raynauds
Ischemia due to digital arterial SPASM
Common in YOUNG WOMEN
BENIGN condition
Possible HEREDITARY, as well as BILATERAL

Answer 7

PRIMARY Raynauds

Question 8

Does the following information describe Primary or Secondary Raynauds
Also called OBSTRUCTIVE Raynauds
FIXED artery obstruction with ischemia CONSTANTLY present
May be the first manifestation of BUERGERS disease (inflammatory process)

Answer 8

Secondary Raynauds (less common than primary)

Question 9

This skin color change is a result of deficient blood supply

Answer 9

Pallor (skin pale)

Question 10

This type of skin change is due to a concentration of deoxygenated hemoglobin, bluish discoloration

Answer 10

Cyanosis

Question 11

This type of skin discoloration suggests dilated vessels, secondary dilation may be reactive hyperemia, skin is red

Answer 11

Rubor

Question 12

An increase in capillary refill time denotes a ______ arterial perfusion

Answer 12

Decrease

Question 13

What is considered the normal capillary refill time

Answer 13

Less than 3 sec.

Question 14

Cadaver if pallor during elevation with ruborous red discoloration with dependency describes what?

Answer 14

Dependent rubor

Question 15

During a arterial physical exam, what is the standard grading scale

Answer 15

0(none) to 4+ (bounding)

Question 16

T/F

Aneurysms can be palpated and described as bounding

Answer 16

TRUE

Question 17

A palpable “thrill” over a pulse site may be caused from these three things

Answer 17

Fistula
Patients dialysis access site
Post stenotic turbulence

Question 18

What artery is NOT palpable

Answer 18

The peroneal

Arteries that are: aorta, femoral, popliteal, DPA, PTA

Question 19

Atherosclerosis mainly occurs at a younger or older age

Answer 19

Younger

Question 20

With atherosclerosis, medial calcification develops in ____ extremity arteries, this is associated with higher risks of cardiovascular events such as death from heart disease

Answer 20

Lower extremity arteries

Question 21

What is neuropathy

Answer 21

Poor sensation

Question 22

Atherosclerosis is related to many diseases/lifestyles, name some

Answer 22

MOST COMMON: Hyperlipidemia, Smoking, family history

LESS COMMON: hypertension, diabetes, arterial wall stress

Question 23

This is the most common arterial pathology and is described with the THICKENING, HARDENING, and LOSS OF ELASTICITY of the arterial walls

Answer 23

Atherosclerosis (obliterans)

Question 24

What layers of the arterial wall are effected by atherosclerosis

Answer 24

Intima and media layers

Question 25

What are the most common sites for atherosclerosis (4)

Answer 25

Carotid bifurcation Aorta-iliac system CFA bifurcation SFA distal (adductor/hunter canal)

Question 26

This is a type of atherosclerosis that is caused by the obstruction of the aorta, and more common in males

Answer 26

Leriche Syndrome

Question 27

The leriche syndrome is charectorized by

Answer 27

Fatigue in hips, thighs, calves with exercise Absent femoral pulse Impotence Pallor and coldness of lower extremities

Question 28

Obstruction of a vessel by foreign substance or blood clot

Answer 28

Embolism

Question 29

T/F | An emboli may be solid, liquid, or gaseous

Answer 29

TRUE

Question 30

What is a frequent cause of an embolism

Answer 30

When small plaque breaks loose (atherosclerotic lesion, arteritis, or angiographic procedure) and travels DISTALLY until it lodges in small vessel

Question 31

If we see "blue toe syndrome (trash foot)" what should we think of

Answer 31

Embolism | *mainly from collateralized branches

Question 32

a dilation of ALL THREE arterial wall layers

Answer 32

TRUE aneurysm

Question 33

What type of aneurysm is a diffuse, circumferential dilation

Answer 33

Fusiform

Question 34

A localized "sac-like" aneurysm is called?

Answer 34

Saccular

Question 35

What type of aneurysm is defined as a small tear of the inner wall allows blood to form cavity between two wall layers

Answer 35

Dissecting aneurysm

Question 36

What is a common area for a dissecting aneurysm

Answer 36

Thoracic aorta

Question 37

This is a result from a defect in the main artery wall (post catheter insertion), and must have a communication from main artery to PULSATILE structure outside vessel walls

Answer 37

Pseudoaneurysm

Question 38

What is the most common location of a TRUE aneurysm

Answer 38

Infrarenal(below level of renal artery) Other locations include thoracic aorta, femoral, popliteal, renal artery

Question 39

What is the number one concern of a AAA

Answer 39

A rupture

Question 40

What is the number one concern with peripheral aneurysm

Answer 40

an embolism

Question 41

What arteries are primarily effected by arteritis?

Answer 41

Tibial, peroneal, or the smaller more distal arterioles

Question 42

Inflammation of the arterial wall can lead to...

Answer 42

Thrombosis

Question 43

This type of ARTERITIS can also be known as thromboangiitis obliterans

Answer 43

Buerger's disease

Question 44

Arteritis mainly occurs in heavy smokers of this gender and younger that this age

Answer 44

men who are less than 40

Question 45

This "non-atherosclerotic" disease presents with occlusions of the distal arteries, resting pain, and ischemic ulceration.

Answer 45

Arteritis

Question 46

What are two clinical findings associated with coarctation of the aorta *hint: one dealing with kidneys, one dealing with Lower extremities

Answer 46

HYPERTENSION due to decreased kidney perfusion | Lower extremity ISCHEMIA (reduced pulses)

Question 47

This arterial congenital anomaly mainly effects the thoracic aorta, but may affect abdominal aorta as well

Answer 47

Coarctation of the aorta

Question 48

A _________ happens when damage to the vessel causes the arterial lumen to divide into two compartments. Affects aorta and peripheral arteries

Answer 48

Dissection

Question 49

With a dissection, the _____ develops a tear through which blood leaks into the media (aka the _____ _____)

Answer 49

Intima, the media aka the FALSE LUMEN

Question 50

T/F | In a dissection, the velocities MUST be different in each lumen

Answer 50

TRUE