Arteries

Question 1

What “branches, diverges, and forks”

Answer 1

Arteries

Question 2

What is a smaller artery?

Answer 2

Arteriole

Question 3

What “joins, merges, converges”?

Answer 3

Veins

Question 4

What is a smaller vein?

Answer 4

Venule

Question 5

What happens at capillaries?

Answer 5

Exchange of O2, CO2, nutrients, and waste

Question 6

What is the vasculature of vessels called?

Answer 6

Vasa vasorum

Question 7

What does the vasa vasorum do?

Answer 7

Supplies big arteries and veins with their own blood supply

Question 8

Since there is a continuous ________ in size and character of the vessel wall from the largest arteries down to the capillaries, some layers that were present in the arteries begin to diminish/disappear as they get closer to _____ size.

Answer 8

Gradation

Capillary

Question 9

What are the three layers that compose the walls of blood vessels?

Answer 9

Tunica adventitia
Tunica media
Tunica intima

Question 10

What is the outer layer of blood vessels?

Answer 10

Tunica adventitia

Question 11

What kind of tissue and fibers make the tunica adventitia?

Answer 11

Connective tissue

Elastic and collagen fibers

Question 12

The tunica adventitia merges with…..

Answer 12

The surrounding CT in the area, eg surrounding structures

Question 13

What is the middle layer of blood vessels?

Answer 13

Tunica media

Question 14

What is the tunica media made from?

Answer 14

Either smooth muscle OR elastic fibers

Question 15

What is the thickest of the three vessel tunics in arteries?

Answer 15

Tunica media

Question 16

How are the muscles or fibers in the tunica media arranged?

Answer 16

Arranged circularly around vessel

Question 17

What is the innermost tunic of the blood vessel? What layers make it?

Answer 17

Tunica Intima
Lamina propria
Basement membrane
Endothelium

Question 18

What is the lamina propria?

Answer 18

Usually just a thin layer of CT

Question 19

What is the basement membrane?

Answer 19

Thin layer of glycoproteins, GAGS, and collagen fibers

Question 20

What is the endothelium?

Answer 20

Innermost lining

Simple squamous epithelium

Question 21

What are the two elastic laminas in the walls of blood vessels? Where are they found?

Answer 21

Internal elastic lamina: Between tunica media and tunica intima
External elastic lamina: Between tunica adventitia and tunica media

Question 22

What nervous system vasoconstricts?

Answer 22

PNS

Question 23

What nervous system vasodilates?

Answer 23

SNS

Question 24

What are the three types of arteries?

Answer 24

Elastic
Muscular
Resistance

Question 25

What are some examples of elastic arteries?

Answer 25

aorta, subclavian, common carotid

Question 26

Describe the tunics of an elastic artery

Answer 26

Tunica media contains mostly elastic fibers and some muscle fibers The elastic lamina is hard to find b/c it's tough to differentiate it from the elastic fibers

Question 27

Elastic arteries function as pressure ________

Answer 27

reservoirs

Question 28

The aorta distends from pressure at each systole, then ________ so blood moves forward in a more or less ________ fashion

Answer 28

Rebounds | Continuous

Question 29

What two mechanisms provide alternate routes for blood to get to its intended target?

Answer 29

Anastomosis | Collateral circulation

Question 30

What is an anastomosis?

Answer 30

A natural communication between 2 blood vessels

Question 31

What is collateral circulation?

Answer 31

A route from non-anastomosing vessels that supply the same area, eg the elbow and knee

Question 32

What is the generation of new blood vessels?

Answer 32

Angiogenesis

Question 33

What are three normal types of angiogenesis?

Answer 33

1- Regrowth of uterine lining after menstruation 2-Development of higher-density blood capillaries in muscles of well-conditioned athletes 3- Arterial bypasses around obstructions in coronary circulation

Question 34

How do tumors get blood?

Answer 34

They do their own angiogenesis

Question 35

What does a muscular artery do?

Answer 35

Distributes blood throughout the body

Question 36

What are some examples of muscular arteries?

Answer 36

External carotid, brachial, femoral | And, most of the named arteries

Question 37

Describe the tunics of a muscular artery

Answer 37

Tunica media contains mostly muscle fibers

Question 38

What is a resistance artery?

Answer 38

No names, too variable, the smallest ones are arterioles

Question 39

Name the almost microscopic oxygenated vasculature.

Answer 39

Arteriole

Question 40

Arterioles take blood from ______ to ______.

Answer 40

Arteries | Capillaries

Question 41

What kind of fiber surround the basement membrane and endothelium of an arteriole? Why?

Answer 41

Smooth muscle | To vasoconstrict

Question 42

What does the vasoconstriction of arterioles play a key role in?

Answer 42

Regulating blood flow

Question 43

In an arteriole, when the smooth muscle contricts, it slows the blood to corresponding ________.

Answer 43

Capillaries

Question 44

Where is a portal system found?

Answer 44

Posterior pituitary and hepatic(liver to intestine)