Arthopoda

Question 1

Arthopoda

Answer 1

• protostomia
• undergo ecdysis, shedding
• have a cuticle that forms an exoskeleton
• most diverse
• terrestrial, marine and freshwater

Question 2

Subphylum of arthopoda

Answer 2

hexapoda, crustacea, myriapoda, chelicerata, trilobita

Question 3

Shared arthropod features

Answer 3

• bilateral symmetry
• segmentation
• exoskeleton
• appendages
• coelom
• open circulatory system

Question 4

How are arthropods extremely diverse?

Answer 4

vary in proportion and ratio of different components to create diversity

Question 5

Arthropod body plan

Answer 5

segmented, internally and externally
- head, thorax, abdomen
- through gut, specialised regions
Can be fused of modified to fit arthropods needs

Question 6

Hox genes

Answer 6

genes that specify how structure develop in different segments of the body

Question 7

Thinking around Hox genes

Answer 7

that an ancestral animal had 4 different hox genes and variation is generated by adding or removing hox genes that modifies the expression of the gene

Question 8

Arthropod diversity

Answer 8

terrestrials have the most diverse body plan

Question 9

Ocean to land of arthropods

Answer 9

when plants moved onto land and provided atmospheric oxygen, arthropods could also move to land

Question 10

Benefits of land over water

Answer 10

more oxygen
less dense
less viscous

Question 11

Arthropod adaptations to survive land: Movement

Answer 11

exoskeleton, jointed legs, wings for flight

Question 12

Arthropod adaptations to survive land: gas exchange

Answer 12

gills, book lungs, trachea

Question 13

Arthropod adaptations to survive land: Sensing the environment

Answer 13

sight, sound, taste, touch

Question 14

Arthropod adaptations to survive land: growth and development

Answer 14

ecdysis, metamorphosis, social behaviour

Question 15

Arthropod exoskeleton

Answer 15

waxy cuticle, water resistant
supports movement, protection from drying out

Question 16

exoskeleton limitations

Answer 16

limits grow, so arthropods undergo ecdysis

Question 17

ecdysis

Answer 17

process of shedding the outer cuticle
- after shedding, leaves animal vulnerable due to soft body

Question 18

morphogenesis

Answer 18

all changes that involve growth, moulting and maturation
physical changes occuring in the animal as it gets older

Question 19

Ametabola development

Answer 19

no big change, gradual development

Question 20

hemimetabolous development

Answer 20

incomplete metamorphosis, aquire more and more adults traits as they grow but nymphs look similar to adults

Question 21

homometabolous development

Answer 21

complete metamorphosis
4 stages: egg, larvae, pupa, adult

Question 23

Arthropod appendages, 2 morphologies

Answer 23

uniramous, single end to end segments
Biramous, 2 branched limbs

Question 24

Flight advantages

Answer 24

allows access to new niches
assists in:
- escaping danger
- finding food
- locating mates
- exploring

Question 25

Direct flight

Answer 25

muscles attach directly to wings

Question 26

Indirect flight

Answer 26

muscles make thorax oscillate and move wings

Question 27

Gas exchange

Answer 27

Gas exchange differs from air to water, faster in water due to having moist environments - requires cell to environment contact - SA:V ratio, so large and thin organs

Question 28

Types of surfaces in gas exchange

Answer 28

Trachea: branched Gills: thin, modified appendages Book gills: like paper, extremely thing Book lungs: atrium and multiple channels, highly vascular

Question 29

Arthropod reproduction

Answer 29

most are dioecious, have internal fertilisation and lay eggs