Arthritis Flashcards
Describe a synovial joint.
Joint capsule with outer fibrous layer lined by synovial membrane.
Articular surface is covered by hyaline cartilage.
What are the six types of synovial joint?
Plane. Hinge. Ball and socket. Saddle. Condyloid. Pivot.
What is a fibrous joint?
Articulating surfaces joined by fibrous tissue.
E.g. sutures in skull.
What is a syndesmosis?
A type of fibrous joint joined by a more flexible fibrous tissue e.g. interosseous membrane.
What are cartilaginous joints?
Articular surface is covered by hyaline cartilage, and connected by fibrocartilage.
What are the molecular and genetic features commonly seen in rheumatoid arthritis?
HLA-DR4.
Rheumatoid factor.
What is the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis?
Lymphocyte infiltration causes pannus formation.
Pannus destroys underlying cartilage and bone, leading to ankylosis (fusion of the joint).
What are the common features seen in the hand in rheumatoid arthritis? (4)
Symmetrical.
Ulnar deviation.
Boutonniere deformity: fixed proximal interphalangeal joint flexion.
Swan neck deformity: fixed hyperextension of proximal interphalangeal joint.
What is the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis?
Progressive destruction of weight bearing joints and digits.
Subcentral bone attempts repair but forms osteophytes.
What changes are commonly seen in the hands with osteoarthritis? (3)
May be asymmetrical.
Bouchard’s nodes: proximal interphalangeal.
Heberden’s nodes: distal interphalangeal.
What is the population distribution of primary osteoarthritis?
55, mainly affects females.
What are the common causes of secondary osteoarthritis? (5)
Congenital abnormality. Trauma to a joint. Abnormal stress (obesity, sport). Previous inflammation. Neuropathic joints - diabetes mellitus.
What is psoriatic arthritis?
What does it look like?
Asymmetrical.
Associated with psoriasis.
Shortening of digits may be present.
What is Still’s disease?
What occurs with it?
Juvenile chronic arthritis.
Splenomegaly.
What is the prayer sign?
What does it occur in?
Diabetes.
Glyocsylation of collagen means hands can’t be pressed together.
