Arthrology

Question 1

Fibrous joints

Answer 1

Immovable (coronal suture of the skull)

Question 2

SYNCHONDROSIS
(Primary cartilaginous joint)

Answer 2

Temporary cartilaginous junction between epiphysis and diaphysis (shaft) of a growing (immature) bone

Bones are united by a plate or a bar hyaline cartilage, sometimes occur btwn ossification (bone tissue formation) centers

-1st rib & the manubrium sterni

Question 3

Secondary cartilaginous joint (symphysis)

Answer 3

Fibrocartilaginous and hyaline joints (semi movable)

E.g. manubriosternal joint, intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis

Question 4

Synovial joints (diarthrosis)

Answer 4

Articular surfaces of the bone are covered by a thin layer of hyaline cartilage separated by a joint cavity; great degree of freedom of movement

Question 5

Synovial membrane

Answer 5

Lines cavity of the joint

Question 6

Articular capsule / capsule only

Answer 6

Tough fibrous membrane outside, protects synovial membrane

Question 7

Synovial fluid physical properties

Answer 7

Viscous, elastic, plastic components

Viscous fluid (found in joint cavity); HYALURONIC ACID is the main component

Question 8

Plane joint (gliding joint)

Answer 8

Gliding or sliding movements

Question 9

Acromioclavicular joint (at the top of the shoulder; junction btwn acromion and clavicle)

Answer 9

Plane joint

Question 10

Sternoclavicular joints

Answer 10

Plane joint

Question 11

Intercarpal joints (carpals of the wrist)

Answer 11

Plane joints

Question 12

Subtalar/Talocalcaneal (intertarsal joint)

Answer 12

Plane joint

Question 13

Vertebrocostal joint

Answer 13

Plane joint

Question 14

Sacroiliac joint

Answer 14

Plane joint

Question 15

A type of joint which restricts movement to one plane only (uniaxial) and possess strong collateral ligaments (Flexion and extension movements)

Answer 15

Hinge joint

Question 16

Elbow joints

Answer 16

Hinge joint

Question 17

Knee joints (largest joint)

Answer 17

Hinge joints

Question 18

Ankle joints

Answer 18

Hinge joints

Question 19

Interphalangeal joint

Answer 19

Hinge joint

Question 20

Pivot joint

Answer 20

One bone rotates about another

Question 21

Atlanto-axial joint (atlas and axis bone in neck/ C1 & C2)

Answer 21

Pivot joint

Question 22

Proximal radioulnar joint

Answer 22

Pivot joint

(Occurs between the head of the radius and the ring formed of the radial notch of the ulna and the annular ligament)

Question 23

Distal radioulnar joint

Answer 23

Pivot joint

(Formed btwn head of ulna and ulnar notch on the lower extremity of radius)

Question 24

Ellipsoid joint

Answer 24

Movements of flexion, extension, abduction, adduction BUT NO ROTATION

Question 25

Radiocarpal (wrist joint)

Answer 25

Ellipsoidal

Question 26

Metatarsophalangeal joint (toe knuckles)

Answer 26

Condyloid

Question 27

Condyloid joints

Answer 27

Movements of flexion, extension, abduction, adduction BUT W/ SMALL ROTATION

Question 28

Metacarpophalangeal joint

Answer 28

Condyloid joint

Question 29

Saddle joint

Answer 29

Reciprocally concavoconvex, permit same movements as the condyloid joints but allows greater movement

Question 30

Carpometacarpal joint (thumb) /trapeziometacarpal

Answer 30

Saddle joint

Question 31

Ball-and-socket joint

Answer 31

Allow for all movements except gliding

Question 32

Glenohumeral joint (shoulder)

Answer 32

Ball-and-socket

Question 33

Hip joint

Answer 33

ball-and-socket

Question 34

Stability of joints depends on

Answer 34

1. Arrangement of articular surfaces 2. Ligaments: connects joints together 3. Muscle tone (major factor)

Question 35

Bursae

Answer 35

Small fluid-filled sac lined by synovial membrane; provides a cushion between tendons/muscles around a joint; helps reduce friction

Question 36

Synovial sheath

Answer 36

Reduce friction between tendon and its surroundings

Question 37

A type of fibrous articulation restricted to the fixation of the teeth in the mandible and maxilla

Answer 37

Gomphosis

Question 38

A type of motion involving gliding or sliding without appreciable angulation

Answer 38

Axial rotation