Arthrology

Question 0

Kinesiology

Answer 0

The study of motion of the human body

Question 1

Arthrology

Answer 1

The scientific study of joints

Question 2

Articulation

Answer 2

A point of contact between bones, between cartilage and bones, between teeth and bones

Question 3

Movement at joints is determined by:

Answer 3

Shape of articulating bone, flexibility of ligaments, tension of associated muscles and tendons.

Question 4

Joints are classified:

Answer 4

Structurally by anatomical characteristics and functionally based on the type of movement they permit.

Question 5

Fibrous joints:

Answer 5

No synovial cavity: held together by dense irregular connective tissue

Question 6

Cartilaginous joints:

Answer 6

No synovial cavity; held together by cartilage.

Question 7

Synovial joints:

Answer 7

Have a synovial cavity and are united by dense irregular connective tissue and ligaments

Question 8

Synarthrosis:

Answer 8

Immovable joint

Question 9

Amphiarthrosis:

Answer 9

A slightly movable joint

Question 10

Diarthrosis:

Answer 10

A freely movable joint, all diarthrotic joints are synovial joints

Question 11

Three types of fibrous joints:

Answer 11

Sutures: synarthrotic joint
syndesmoses: amphiarthrotic joint
interosseous membranes: amphiarthrotic joint

Question 12

Cartilaginous joints: two types

Answer 12

Synchondrosis; synarthrotic

Symphysis; amphiarthrotic

Question 13

Allowance of a space called a:

Allows a joint to be freely moveable

Answer 13

Synovial (joint) cavity

Question 14

Articular joint capsule

Answer 14

Surround the synovial joint, encloses the synovial cavity, and unites the articulating bones

Question 15

Synovial fluid

Answer 15

Secreted by the synovial membrane, more fluid means less stress on the joint. Supplies nutrients, reduces friction, remove metabolic wastes

Question 16

Four main categories of movements at a synovial joint:

Answer 16

Gliding
Angular movements
Rotation
Special movements

Question 17

Gliding:

Answer 17

Nearly flat bone surfaces move back and forth and side to side relative to one another. AC joint

Question 18

Angular movements:

Answer 18

increase or decrease in the angle between articulating bones. Also includes: flexion/extension, hyperextension, abduction/adduction, circumduction

Question 19

Flexion/extension:

Answer 19

Increase or decrease in angle

Question 20

Hyperextension

Answer 20

Continuation of extension beyond anatomical position

Question 21

Abduction/adduction

Answer 21

Away or toward the midline

Question 22

Circumduction

Answer 22

Movement of a distal end of a part of the body in a circle

Question 23

Rotation

Answer 23

Bone revolves around its own longitudinal axis. Includes:
Rotation: head saying no
Medial/lateral rotation: limbs-defined relative to the midline

Question 24

Special movements:

Answer 24

Occur only at certain joints. Elevation/depression: mandible/scapula Protraction/retraction: mandible/scapula Dorsiflexion/plantar flexion: sagittal flexion and extension of the ankle Supination/pronation: forarm to be palm forward or palm backward Opposition: movement of thumb across palm to touch the tip of the fingers

Question 25

Two types of synovial joints:

Answer 25

Pivot, hinge, condyloid, saddle, ball-and-socket, plane (gliding)

Question 26

Pivot:

Answer 26

Rounded or pointed surface of one bone articulates with a ring formed partly by another bone and partly by a ligament. Ex: uniaxial and atlantiaxial and radioulnar joints

Question 27

Hinge:

Answer 27

Convex surface of one bone fits into the concave of another; angular opening and closing motion. Ex: uniaxial (flexion/extension) Knee/elbow

Question 28

Condyloid

Answer 28

Convex oval-shaped projection of one bone fits into the concave oval-shaped depression of another. Ex: biaxial and wrist and metacarpophalangeal joints

Question 29

Saddle

Answer 29

The articular surface of one bone is saddle shaped, and the articular surface of the other bone fits into the saddle like a rider n horse. Ex: biaxial, carpometacarpal joint

Question 30

Ball and socket

Answer 30

The ball like surface of one bone fits into a cup like depression of another bone. Ex: shoulder and hip joints, triaxial

Question 31

Plane (gliding)

Answer 31

Flat or slightly curved surfaces | Ex: biaxial, triaxial, carpal bones and SC and AC joints

Question 32

Arthralgia

Answer 32

Pain in a joint

Question 33

Bursectomy

Answer 33

Removal of a bursa

Question 34

Chondritis:

Answer 34

Inflammation of cartilage

Question 35

Luxation and subluxation

Answer 35

Displacement of bone from a joint, subluxation is incomplete dislocatiob

Question 36

Synovitis

Answer 36

Inflammation of a synovial membrane in a joint

Question 37

Four types of arthritis:

Answer 37

Osteoarthritis, rheumatoid, gout, infectious

Question 38

Osteoarthritis:

Answer 38

Degenerative; bone spurs, thickening of synovial membrane, ateophy of cartilage

Question 39

Rheumatoid:

Answer 39

Autoimmue, swelling of joints

Question 40

Gout

Answer 40

Uric acids forming crystals around joints

Question 41

Infectious

Answer 41

Brought on by infections such as gonorrhea and tuberculosis.

Question 42

Four joints of the shoulder girdle:

Answer 42

Sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, scapulothoracic, glenohumeral

Question 43

Two joints of the hip girdle:

Answer 43

Acetabulofemor joint and sacroiliac joint