Osteology Flashcards
(19 cards)
Long bones and some examples:
Greater length than width, examples are femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, ulna, and radius.
What are the functions of bone and the skeletal system?
Support, protection, assistance in movement, mineral homeostasis, blood cell production, triglyceride storage
Short bones and examples:
Somewhat cube shaped and nearly equal in length and width: wrist and ankle bones (phalanges, meta phalanges)
Flat bones and some ex:
Generally thin, extensive surface: cranial bones, sternum, ribs, scapula
Irregular bones and examples:
Have complex shapes: vertebrae and some facial bones, mandible
Diaphysis
The bone’s shaft or body. grows in length
Epiphysis
The distal and proximal ends of the bone
Metaphysis
Region in the mature bone where the diaphysis joints the epiphysis.
Articular cartilage
A thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the part if the epiphysis where the bone forms as articulation with another bone.
Periosteum
A tough sheath of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds bone surface wherever its not covered by articular cartilage.
Medullary cavity
A hollow, cylindrical space within the diaphysis that contains fatty yellow bone marrow in adults
Endosteum
A thin membrane that lines the medullary cavity
What is the structure of a bone?
50% crystallized mineral salts
25% collagen fibers
25% water
Osteogenic:
Stem cells that undergo cell division and create osteoblasts
Osteoblasts
Bone building cells, secrete and synthesize collagen fibers and other organic components to build extracellular matrix of bone tissue
Osteocytes
Mature bone cells, maintain thr exchange of nutrients and wastes with the blood
Osteoclasts:
Huge cells that release enzymes and acids that digest the protein and mineral components of the bone. Resorption (breakdown of extracellular matrix)
Bone can be classified as:
Compact or spongy. 80% of the skeleton is compact and 20% is spongy bone
Trabeculae contains:
Red bone marrow and is the only sight in adults
