Arthrology

Question 1

Joint with 1 DOF

Answer 1

Uniaxial joint

Question 2

Joint with 2 DOF

Answer 2

Biaxial joint

Question 3

Joint with 3 DOF

Answer 3

Multiaxial

Question 4

Joints connected by fibrous tissue; AKA synarthrosis

Answer 4

Fibrous joints

Question 5

Joints connected by cartilage or combo of cartilage and fibrous tissue

Answer 5

Cartilaginous joints

Question 6

Joints where connective tissue is cartilage, but there is space between the surfaces (a synovial gap)

Answer 6

Synovial joints

Question 7

Name three types of fibrous joints

Answer 7

1. Suture or skull type joints
2. Syndesmosis
3. Gomphosis

Question 8

Fibrous joint that usually is classified as having no movement

Answer 8

Suture or skull type joints

Question 9

Fibrous joint where there is connective tissue between two bones that holds them into proper orientation; interosseous membrane or ligament

Answer 9

Syndesmosis

Question 10

Joint that holds teeth into jaws

Answer 10

Gomphosis

Question 11

Name the types of cartilaginous joints

Answer 11

1. Primary cartilaginous joints

2. Secondary cartilaginous joints

Question 12

AKA synchondrosis; Hyaline cartilage (at the end of bones in synovial joints); slightly moveable; epiphyseal cartilaginous plates; ultimately as bone matures, becomes bone and disappears

Answer 12

Primary cartilaginous joints

Question 13

Cartilaginous joint where hyaline cartilage covers surface of bone, the fiber-cartilage in between, making up the bulk of the joint; slightly moveable; fxns for strength and shock absorption

Answer 13

Secondary cartilaginous joints

Question 14

Give 2 examples of secondary cartilaginous joints

Answer 14

1. Symphyses such as pubic symphyses

2. Intervertebral discs

Question 15

What is the most common and functionally important type of joint?

Answer 15

Synovial joint

Question 16

Space between two bones; filled with synovial fluid

Answer 16

Joint cavity

Question 17

What are the features (3) of synovial joints?

Answer 17

1. Joint cavity
2. Articular cartilage
3. Articular capsule

Question 18

Hyaline cartilage on the surface of the bone

Answer 18

Articular cartilage

Question 19

Rounding that give support; consists of inner layer (synovial membrane), outer layer (fibrous), and supported with accessory ligaments

Answer 19

Articular capsule

Question 20

True or False:

Articular cartilage has a blood supply.

Answer 20

False

Question 21

What is the role of synovial fluid and membrane?

Answer 21

Nutrients and wast diffuse through synovial membrane and synovial fluid; key because cartilage does not heal well due to lack of blood supply

Question 22

True or False:

It takes a long time for nutrients to diffuse through the synovial membrane and fluid.

Answer 22

True; moving the joint helps move synovial fluid around to maintain the health of the cartilage within the joint

Question 23

True or False:

Articular cartilage does not have a nerve supply and does not feel pain

Answer 23

True

Question 24

Fibers that are part of the joint capsule

Answer 24

Intrinsic ligaments

Question 25

Fibers that are outside the joint capsule

Answer 25

Extrinsic ligaments

Question 26

Vascularized tissue that lines the joint capsule; inner layer of joint capsule; secretes synovial fluid, provides nutrients to cartilage, removes waste that comes from the cartilage

Answer 26

Synovial membrane

Question 27

True or False: Synovial membrane cannot heal itself

Answer 27

False; it can heal itself, can proliferate

Question 28

What happens in RA?

Answer 28

Synovial membrane proliferates too much, and overgrows and destroys the cartilage

Question 29

What other features are relatively common in synovial joints?

Answer 29

1. Articular fibrocartilagionous discs (i.e., in wrist btwn radius, ulna, and carpal bones) 2. Fibrocartilaginous discs or menisci (i.e., knee) 3. Fibrocartilaginous ring or lip [labrum] (i.e., ball and socket joints)

Question 30

Name the 6 types of synovial joints and if they are uni-, bi-, or multi- axial joints.

Answer 30

1. Arthrodial; uniaxial 2. Ginglymus or Hinge; uniaxial 3. Condyloid or Knuckle-like; biaxial 4. Saddle; biaxial 5. Enarthrodal or Ball and Socket; multi axial 6. Pivot; uniaxial

Question 31

Synovial joint characterized by two joint surfaces are relatively flat and tend to be small; uniaxial but sometimes considered multi axial due to slight movement in each direction; tend to have fairly tight ligs. and limited movement; i.e., AC joint in shoulder, joints in wrist, facet joints in the spine

Answer 31

Arthrodial or Plane joint

Question 32

Synovial joint characterized by flexion and extension movement; have quite a bit of movement; collateral ligs.; i.e., humeroulnar joint, i.p. joints in the finger

Answer 32

Ginglymus or Hinge joint

Question 33

Synovial joint characterized by one surface concave, other surface is convex; flexion and extension, adduction and abduction; i.e., CMC joint of the fingers 2-5

Answer 33

Condyloid joint

Question 34

Synovial joint characterized by both surfaces that have concave and convex aspects; i.e., CMC joint of the thumb, sternoclavicular joint

Answer 34

Saddle joint

Question 35

Synovial joint characterized by labrum made up of fibrocartilage that deepens the socket, making it a more stable joint; truly multi axial joint; i.e., hip joint, gleno-humeral joint of the shoulder

Answer 35

Enarthrodial or Ball and Socket joint

Question 36

Synovial joint characterized by spinning motion; i.e., proximal radioulnar joint, axial joint between C1 and C2 vert.

Answer 36

Pivot joint

Question 37

Joint with little to no movement

Answer 37

Synarthroses

Question 38

Joint that is slightly moveable

Answer 38

Amphiarthroses

Question 39

Freely moveable joints

Answer 39

Diarthroses (synovial joints)