Head and Neck Powerpoints Flashcards by Katie Kostelecky

Name the 7 bones of the skull and face.

Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal
Sphenoid
Maxilla
Mandible

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What bone is the zygomatic process a part of?

Frontal bone and temporal bone

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What is the point that connects the parietal and frontal bones?

Bregma

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What is the point that connects the parietal bones and the occipital bone?

Lambda

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What are the contents of the jugular foramen

CN IX, X, XI, and internal jugular vein

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What enters through the foramen lacerum?

Internal coratid artery

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What two muscles does the brachial plexus travel between?

Middle scalene and anterior scalene

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What makes up the borders of the anterior triangle of the neck?

Superior border: Mandible
Lateral border: Anterior border of SCM
Anterior border: Median plane of the neck

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What does the anterior triangle of the neck contain?

Common carotid artery
Internal jugular vein
Vagus nerve

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What makes up the borders of the posterior triangle?

Anterior border: Posterior border of SCM
Posterior border: Trapezius m.
Inferior border: Clavicle

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What are the structures located in the posterior triangle from posterior to anterior?

Splenius Capitis m.
Levator Scapulae m.
Middle Scalene m.
Brachial Plexus
Anterior Scalene

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What can happen if scalene muscles become tight?

Can cause brachial plexus compression and the corresponding symptoms

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Besides the muscles and brachial plexus, what other structures are located in the posterior triangle?

External jugular vein, and cutaneous nerves from the cervical plexus

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What is a mnemonic for the cranial nerves

OLd OPie OCcasionally TRies TRIgonometry And Feels VEry GLoomy, VAGUe, And HYPOactive

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What is the name for CN I? Is it sensory, motor, or both? What is its function?

Olfactory; Sensory; Smell

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What is the name for CN II? Is it sensory, motor, or both? What is its function?

Optic; Sensory; Vision

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What is the name for CN III? Is it sensory, motor, or both? What is its function?

Oculomotor; Motor; Moves eye

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What is the name for CN IV? Is it sensory, motor, or both? What is its function?

Trochlear; Motor; Superior Oblique m. of the eye

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What is the name for CN V? Is it sensory, motor, or both? What is its function?

Trigeminal; Both; Sensory to the skin of the face, motor to muscles of mastication

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What is the name for CN VI? Is it sensory, motor, or both? What is its function?

Abducens; Motor; Lateral Rectus m. of the eye

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What is the name for CN VII? Is it sensory, motor, or both? What is its function?

Facial; Both; Sensory to anterior ⅔ of the tongue and motor to the m’s of facial expression

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What is the name for CN VIII? Is it sensory, motor, or both? What is its function?

Vestibularcochlear; Sensory; Vestibular (orientation, motion) and cochlear (hearing)

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What is the name for CN IX? Is it sensory, motor, or both? What is its function?

Glossopharyngeal; Both; Sensory to gag reflex, motor for swallowing

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What is the name for CN X? Is it sensory, motor, or both? What is its function?

Vagus; Both; Sensory to organs and gag reflex, motor to organs

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What is the name for CN XI? Is it sensory, motor, or both? What is its function?

Spinal Accessory; Motor; SCM, Traps

What is the name for CN XII? Is it sensory, motor, or both? What is its function?

Hypoglossal; Motor; Tongue m.

What anterior rami are part of the cervical plexus?

C1-C4

What spinal level is the phrenic nerve? what does it innervate?

C3-C5; diaphragm

What are the branches of the cervical plexus?

1. Phrenic n. 2. Lesser Occipital n. 3. Greater Auricular n. 4. Transverse Cervical n. 5. Supraclavicular n. 6. Greater Occipital n.

What are the spinal levels of lesser occipital nerve? what does it innervate?

C2-C3; skin over lateral scalp, upper middle ear, skin over mastoid

What are the spinal levels of the great auricular n.? what does it innervate?

C2-C3; skin over inferior area to ear, area from the mandible to the mastoid process

What are the spinal levels of the transverse cervical n.? what does it innervate?

C2-C3; skin over ant. triangle of neck

What are the spinal levels of the supraclavicular n? what does it innervate?

C3-C4; ant. aspect of chest as low as the 3rd rib, area of upper deltoid and clavicle, Sternoclavicular j. and Acromioclavicular j.

What structure passes through the superior orbital fissure?

Ophthalmic n., CN III, IV and VI

What structure passes through foramen ovale?

Mandibular n.

What structure passes through foramen rotundum?

Maxillary n.

What structure passes through foramen lacerum?

Internal carotid artery

What structures pass through foramen magnum?

1. Vertebral arteries 2. Spinal cord 3. CN II

What structure passes through the stylo-mastoid foramen?

Facial n.

What structures pass through the jugular foramen?

1. CN IX, X, XI | 2. Internal jugular vein

What structure passes through mandibular foramen?

Inferior alveolar n.

What structure passes through the mental foramen?

Mental n.

Where is the mandibular foramen located?

internal surface of mandible

Where is the mental foramen located?

external surface of mandible, inferior to 2nd premolar

What bony structures make up the zygomatic arch?

1. Temporal process of the zygomatic bone | 2. Zygomatic process of temporal bone

What is the function of the supra hyoid muscles?

AKA digastric m's; lower/depress the mandible at the TMJ

What is the function of the infra hyoid muscles?

1. Depress the hyoid | 2. Stabilize the hyoid so the mandible can go down

What is the function of the mandibular fossa?

Articulates with the head of the mandible to form the temporal part of the TMJ

Which part of the mandible is the body and the ramus?

``` Body = horizontal Ramus = vertical ```

What is the function of the condylar process and the head of the mandible?

Articulates to form the TMJ

What are the divisions of the trigeminal nerve?

1. Ophthalmic n. 2. Maxillary n. 3. Mandibular n.

For each division of the trigeminal nerve, is it sensory motor or both? if sensory, where is it sensory? if motor, where is it motor?

V1 (ophthalmic) = sensory; skin on frontal bone, nose, septum, in eye/tear duct V2 (maxillary) = sensory; skin on zygomatic bone, temporal bone, below the eye V3 (mandibular) = sensory and motor; skin in auriculotomoral, buccal, mental region, and teeth sensory; motor = muscles of mastication

What are the branches of the ophthalmic n.?

1. Supraorbital n. 2. External Nasal n. 3. Infratrochlear n. 4. Supratrochlear n. 5. Lacrimal n.

What are the branches of the maxillary n.?

1. Zygomaticotemoral n. 2. Zygomaticofacial n. 3. Infraorbital n.

What are the branches of the mandibular n.?

1. Auriculotemporal n. 2. Buccal n. 3. Mental n. 4. Lingual n. (turns into inferior alveolar n.)

What are the divisions of the facial nerve?

1. Temporal 2. Zygomatic 3. Buccal 4. Mandibular 5. Cervical

What is the facial nerve motor for?

Facial expression

What is the facial nerve sensory for?

anterior ⅔ of the tongue for taste

What does orbiculares oculi do? What innervates it?

Closes the eye; temporal and zygomatic branch of facial nerve

What is Bell's Palsy?

The facial nerve is damaged by the styloid process; the involved side will lose facial expression (eye will not close)

What is one important characteristic of Myasthenia Gravis? What facial expression muscle is most affected?

As muscles get used more, they become weaker; orbiculares oculi

What does levator palpebrae superioris do? What innervates it?

Lifts upper eyelids; CN III

What does superior rectus m. of the eye do? What innervates it?

Moves eye up and in; CN III

What does inferior rectus m. of the eye do? What innervates it?

moves eye down and in; CN III

What does inferior oblique do? What innervates it?

Moves eye up and out; CN III

What does medial rectus m of the eye do? What innervates it?

Moves eye toward midline (inward; "adduction"); CN III

What does superior oblique do? What innervates it?

Moves eye down and out; CN IV

What does lateral rectus m of the eye do?

moves eye out ("abduction"); CN VI

What are the branches of the ophthalmic nerve?

1. Supraorbital 2. External Nasal 3. Infratrochlear 4. Supratrochlear 5. Lacrimal

What are the branches of the maxillary nerve?

1. Zygomaticotemporal 2. Zygomaticofacial 3. Infraorbital

What are the branches of the mandibular nerve?

1. Auriculotemoral 2. Buccal 3. Lingual 4. Inferior alveolar

Head and Neck Powerpoints Flashcards

(71 cards)