Arthrology

Question 1

Branch of mechanics that deals with the motion of a body without reference to the forces that produce the motion?

Answer 1

Kinematics

Question 2

Branch of mechanics that deals with the relations between the force system acting on a body and the changes it produces in the body motion?

Answer 2

Kinetics

Question 3

A line around which rotatory movement takes place or along which translation occurs?

Answer 3

Axis

Question 4

Motion in which all points of a rigid body do not move in a single plane?

Answer 4

out of plane motion

Question 5

The pivot point around which motion occurs?

Answer 5

instantaneous axis of rotation (IAR)

Question 6

Smallest spinal segment (only 2 adjacent vertebrae) exhibiting biomechanical characteristics?

Answer 6

motion segment

Question 7

Association of one motion about one axis with another motion about a second axis?

Answer 7

coupled motion

Question 8

The number of ways in which a body can move?

Answer 8

degrees of freedom

Question 9

How many degrees of freedom does the spine exhibit?

Answer 9

6 degrees

Question 10

The resting or “neutral” position of a joint, when the greatest amount of play is possible and the capsule is most relaxed?

Answer 10

Loose-packed

Question 11

The position of a joint when the capsule and ligaments are maximally tightened and there is maximal contact between the articular surfaces?

Answer 11

close-packed

Question 12

What are the structural joint classifications?

Answer 12

fibrous
cartilaginous
synovial

Question 13

What are the functional joint classifications?

Answer 13

synarthrosis
amphiarthrosis
diarthrosis

Question 14

What are the types of fibrous joints?

Answer 14

suture
syndesmosis
gomphosis

Question 15

What are the types of cartilaginous joints?

Answer 15

synchondrosis

symphysis

Question 16

What are the types of synovial joints?

Answer 16

non axial (plane)
uniaxial (hinge, pivot)
biaxial (condylar, ellipsoid, saddle)
triaxial (ball and socket)

Question 17

Cranial sutures are an example of what structural joint classification?

Answer 17

fibrous suture

Question 18

Distal tibifibular joint is an example of what structural joint classification?

Answer 18

fibrous syndesmosis

Question 19

A joint formed by fibrous connective tissue?

Answer 19

Fibrous joint, has little if any movement

Question 20

Joint between a tooth and socket is an example of what structural joint classification?

Answer 20

fibrous gomphosis

Question 21

Epiphyseal plates are an example of what structural joint classification?

Answer 21

cartilaginous synchondrosis (hyaline cartilage)

Question 22

Pubic symphysis and IVDs are examples of what structural joint classification?

Answer 22

cartilaginous symphysis (fibrocartilaginous)

Question 23

Facets joints in the spine are examples of what structural joint classifications?

Answer 23

Synovial plane (nonaxial)

Question 24

Elbow and interphalangeal joints are examples of what structural joint classifications?

Answer 24

Synovial hinge (uniaxial)

Question 25

Atlantoaxial and radioulnar joints are examples of what structural joint classifications?

Answer 25

Synovial pivot (uniaxial)

Question 26

Knee joints are examples of what structural joint classifications?

Answer 26

Synovial condylar (biaxial)

Question 27

Radiocarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints are examples of what structural joint classifications?

Answer 27

synovial ellipsoid (biaxial)

Question 28

The carpometacarpal joint of the thumb is an example of what structural joint classifications?

Answer 28

synovial saddle (biaxial)

Question 29

The hip and shoulder joints are examples of what structural joint classifications?

Answer 29

Synovial ball and socket (triaxial)

Question 30

The functional classification of a joint with negligible movement and the structural classification that corresponds to it?

Answer 30

synarthrosis, fibrous

Question 31

The functional classification of a joint with limited movement and the structural classification that corresponds to it?

Answer 31

amphiarthrosis, cartilaginous

Question 32

The functional classification of a joint with free movement and the structural classification that corresponds to it?

Answer 32

diarthrosis, synovial

Question 33

The study of movement occurring between two bones?

Answer 33

osteokinematics

Question 34

MacConaill's classification of joint movement is concerned with what?

Answer 34

the movement occurring at the joint surface

Question 35

In MacConaill's classification of joint movement, the line passing through the moving bone perpendicular to the joint surface at the starting position of a movement?

Answer 35

mechanical axis

Question 36

In MacConaill's classification of joint movement, the rotational movement around the mechanical axis?

Answer 36

spin

Question 37

In MacConaill's classification of joint movement, when rotation occurs around a stationary mechanical axis?

Answer 37

pure spin | ex: hip, shoulder, humeroradial

Question 38

In MacConaill's classification of joint movement, the movement where the mechanical axis traces a path of an arc on opposing joint surface?

Answer 38

impure swing (like a compass used in geometry)

Question 39

In MacConaill's classification of joint movement, the movement where the mechanical axis traces the path of a chord (straight line) on opposing joint surface?

Answer 39

pure swing (like a pendulum)

Question 40

The study of movements occurring between opposing joint surfaces?

Answer 40

arthrokinematics

Question 41

In MacConaill's classification of joint movement, the movement in which equidistant points on one surface come into contact with new equidistant points on another surface?

Answer 41

roll (like a tire rolling on a road)

Question 42

In MacConaill's classification of joint movement, what movement tends towards dislocation?

Answer 42

pure roll

Question 43

In MacConaill's classification of joint movement, the movement in which a single contact point on the moving surface contacts various points on the opposing surface?

Answer 43

slide (like a tire skidding)

Question 44

In MacConaill's classification of joint movement, which movement tends towards impingement?

Answer 44

pure slide

Question 45

In MacConaill's classification of joint movement, separation of joint surfaces?

Answer 45

distraction

Question 46

In MacConaill's classification of joint movement, approximation of joint surfaces?

Answer 46

compression

Question 47

Based on the Convex/Concave rule, what happens when a concave surface moves on a convex surface?

Answer 47

roll and slide occur in the same direction

Question 48

Based on the Convex/Concave rule, what happens when a convex surface moves on a concave surface?

Answer 48

roll and slide occur in opposite directions