Articular System

Question 1

what is the purpose of a joint

Answer 1

connects 2 bones

Question 2

functions of the joint (4)

Answer 2

1. allow motion (pivot point)
2. bare weight
3. provide stability
4. contains synovial fluid

Question 3

define synovial joint

Answer 3

has no direct contact between bone ends. it is a cavity filled with synovial fluid within a sleeve-like capsule

Question 4

define the stratum fibrosum

Answer 4

outer layer of capsule - supports and protects the joint

Question 5

define the stratum synovium structure

Answer 5

inner layer of capsule - lined with synovial membrane made up of thick, vascular tissue

Question 6

what is the main function of the stratum synovium

Answer 6

secret synovial fluid

Question 7

articular surface for the stratum synovium

Answer 7

very smooth and covered with hyaline cartilage or articular cartilage

Question 8

what is another name for the nonaxial joint

Answer 8

plane joint

Question 9

what is the movement of the nonaxial joint

Answer 9

linear

Question 10

how are the joint surface that glide over one another in the nonaxial joint

Answer 10

flat

Question 11

when can movement not occur in the nonaxial joint

Answer 11

alone, it occurs secondary to other motions

Question 12

example of nonaxial joint

Answer 12

carpals

Question 13

what type of motion occurs in the uniaxial joint

Answer 13

angular motion occurring in one plane around one axis

Question 14

3 examples of uniaxial joint

Answer 14

hinge joint - elbow, knee, phalanges

Question 15

example of pivotal joint

Answer 15

radial-ulnar; proximal/distal - forearm only does supination & pronation

Question 16

when does motion occur in biaxial joint

Answer 16

motion occurs in two different directions

Question 17

3 examples and motions of biaxial joints

Answer 17

wrist: flexion/extension, deviation
MCP/MTP joints: flexion/extension, abduction/adduction

Question 18

where does motion occur in triaxial joints

Answer 18

all three axes (ball and socket joint)

Question 19

2 examples of triaxial joints

Answer 19

shoulder & hip: flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, internal/external rotation

Question 20

uniaxial degree of freedom

Answer 20

1

Question 21

biaxial degree of freedom

Answer 21

2

Question 22

triaxial degree of freedom

Answer 22

3

Question 23

what are the fibrous bands of ligaments made of

Answer 23

connective tissue

Question 24

what do ligaments do

Answer 24

connect bone to bone

Question 25

what do ligaments provide attachment for

Answer 25

- cartilage - fascia - muscles

Question 26

ligaments are not elastic, they are ______

Answer 26

flexible/bendy

Question 27

flexibility is needed to allow ligaments to ______ ______

Answer 27

joint motion

Question 28

non-elasticity is needed to keep ______ close and provide ______ to the joint

Answer 28

bones, approximation

Question 29

what are 4 other jobs of the ligaments

Answer 29

- high tensile strength - minimal blood supply - prolonged immobilization leads to weakness in ligaments - define a capsular ligament: surrounds a joint

Question 30

what does a capsule do to the joint

Answer 30

surrounds and encases

Question 31

what does the capsule do to the articular surfaces of the bones

Answer 31

protects

Question 32

the synovial membrane lines the ______ layer of the joint capsule

Answer 32

inner

Question 33

does the synovial membrane have a blood supply?

Answer 33

yes

Question 34

the synovial membrane secretes ______ ______

Answer 34

synovial fluid

Question 35

characteristics of synovial fluid

Answer 35

thick, clear fluid

Question 36

four functions of synovial fluid

Answer 36

1. lubricates articular cartilage 2. reduces friction 3. shock absorption 4. source of nutrition all of this is how cartilage stays healthy

Question 37

what other name is hyaline cartilage known as?

Answer 37

articular cartilage

Question 38

where is hyaline cartilage located?

Answer 38

in all synovial joints

Question 39

what does hyaline cartilage cover?

Answer 39

ends of opposing bones

Question 40

does hyaline cartilage have a blood or nerve supply?

Answer 40

no

Question 41

what is hyaline cartilage nourished by?

Answer 41

synovial fluid

Question 42

what happens to hyaline cartilage if it is damaged?

Answer 42

it cannot repair itself

Question 43

how is nutrition enhanced in hyaline cartilage?

Answer 43

enhanced by joint motion

Question 44

what are two other names for fibrocartilage?

Answer 44

menisci or discs

Question 45

what are the functions of fibrocartilage?

Answer 45

acts as a shock absorber, has poor blood supply

Question 46

the labrum acts as fibrocartilage to which part of the body?

Answer 46

shoulder

Question 47

what is the function of the labrum?

Answer 47

deepen the glenoid fossa

Question 48

what are two functions of fat pads and where are they located?

Answer 48

- thickens the joint capsule - takes up space in the joint - located between the capsule and the synovial membrane

Question 49

what is an example of fat pads?

Answer 49

knee