Basic Info and Skeletal System Flashcards
(73 cards)
1
Q
Kinesiology
A
the study of movement
2
Q
What fields get brought together and relates them to human movement?
A
anatomy, physiology, physics, and geometry
3
Q
Biomechanics
A
mechanical principles that relate directly to the human body
4
Q
What happens during Static Systems (stretching)?
A
nonmoving/stationary
5
Q
What happens during Dynamic Systems (stretching)?
A
moving
6
Q
What is Fundamental Position?
A
person’s posture - normal stance, different for everybody
7
Q
Anatomical Position
A
standing face forward with palms facing up
8
Q
Anterior
A
toward the front of the body
9
Q
Posterior
A
toward the back of the body
10
Q
Midline
A
an imaginary line that runs vertically through the center of the body
11
Q
Medial
A
toward the middle of the body
12
Q
Lateral
A
away from the midline of the body
13
Q
Superior
A
above, toward the head
14
Q
Inferior
A
below, or toward the feet
15
Q
Proximal
A
closer to, or toward the torso - pertains to an extremity
16
Q
Distal
A
away from the torso - pertains to an extremity
17
Q
Cephalic
A
toward the head
18
Q
Caudal
A
toward the feet (or “tail”)
19
Q
Superficial
A
toward the surface (skin) of the body
20
Q
Deep
A
toward the inside (core) of the body
21
Q
Origin
A
the proximal attachment of a muscle or ligament
22
Q
Insertion
A
the distal attachment of a muscle or ligament
23
Q
Prone
A
lying face down
24
Q
Supine
A
lying face up
25
Bilateral
tow, or both sides
26
Contralateral
opposite side (divides body into left or right sides)
27
Ipsilateral
same side of the body (divides body into left or right sides)
28
The nose is ______ to the mouth
superior
29
The knee is ______ to the hip
distal
30
The umbilicus is ______ to the low back
anterior
31
The thumb is ______ to the ring finger
lateral
32
Muscle is ______ to skin
deep
33
The third toe is ______ to the great toe
lateral
34
The elbow is ______ to the wrist
distal
35
Osteokinematics
the movement of bones around a joint axis
36
Arthrokinematics
the movement of a joint
37
Flexion
bending movement; decreasing joint angle
38
Extension
straightening movement; increasing joint angle
39
Hyperextension
continuation of extension beyond the anatomical position
40
Plantarflexion
ankle flexion, pointing the points (motion at the ankle)
41
Dorsiflexion
ankle extension, pointing toes towards the head (motion at the ankle)
42
Abduction
movement away from the midline of the body
43
Adduction
movement toward the midline of the body
44
Horizontal Abduction
shoulder joint abducted to 90 degrees and then moved backward
45
Horizontal Adduction
shoulder is adducted from 90 degrees toward the front of the body
46
Radial Deviation
hand moves laterally toward the thumb line
47
Ulnar Deviation
hand moves medially toward the little finger side of the wrist
48
Internal Rotation
anterior surface moves inward toward the midline
49
External Rotation
anterior surface moves outward away from the midline
50
Supination
palm faces forward or anteriorly
51
Pronation
palm is facing backward or posteriorly
52
Inversion
moving sole of the foot inward at ankle
53
Eversion
moving sole of the foot outward
54
Protraction
scapula moves away from the midline
55
Retraction
scapula moves toward midline
56
What are 5 functions of the skeleton?
1. gives support and shape to the body
2. protects vital organs (brain, SC, heart)
3. assists in movement by providing a rigid structure for muscle attachment and leverage
4. manufactures blood cells, (main sites - ilium, vertebrae, sternum, and ribs)
5. stores calcium and other minerals
57
Describe/Location Axial Skeleton
forms upright part of the body - skull, vertebrae, manubrium, sternum, xiphoid, sacrum, coccyx, ribs 1-12
58
Describe/Location Appendicular Skeleton
attaches to the axial skeleton
- Os coxae - ilium, ischium, pubis,) femur, patella, tibia, fibula, talus, calcaneus, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges
- clavicle, scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges
59
Describe Compact Bone
1. makes up a hard dense outer shell and completely covers bone
- a. tends to be thick along the shaft and thin at the ends of long bones
- b. thick in plates of the flat bones of the skull
60
Describe Cancellous Bone (spongy bone)
porous and spongy inside portion
- a. called the trabeculae
-- arranged in a pattern that resists local stresses and strains
-- filled with marrow
-- make bone lighter
- b. makes up most of articular ends of bones
61
11 Examples of Long Bone (longer than they are wide)
1. clavicle
2. humerus
3. radius
4. ulna
5. metacarpals
6. phalanges (fingers)
7. femur
8. tibia
9. fibula
10. metatarsals
11. phalanges (toes)
62
2 Examples of Short Bones (equal height, length, width - only in wrist and ankle)
1. carpals
2. tarsals
63
2 examples of Flat Bones (two layers of compact bone with spongy bone between them. Serve protective functions; flat bones of the cranium protect the brain)
1. ilium (in pelvis)
2. scapula
64
2 examples of Irregular Bones (short bone embedded in a tendon or joint capsule. Protect the tendons from excessive wear and often change the angle from which the tendons pass to their attachments)
1. patella
2. sesamoid bones (2)
65
Every long bone has ______
epiphysis
66
Where is epiphysis found?
at the end of every long bone
67
In adults, epiphysis is ______
calcified (bone-like)
68
In growing bones (kids) epiphysis is ______ material
a. known as ____ ____
b. ______ growth
- cartilaginous
a. epiphyseal plate
b. longitudinal
69
How do you objectively know that bone has stopped growing?
X-ray child's bone/joint to ensure growing stopped
70
Pressure Epiphysis
relates to growth of long bones and are found at the ends of long bones
71
Traction Epiphysis (Apophysis)
located at the attachment of certain tendons of bones
72
Example of Traction Epiphysis
tibial tuberosity: bump right below patella, quads attach, quads pull on this bone when leg/knee extend
73
Wolff's Law
bone grows in response to the stresses/loads placed on it
