Articulations

Question 1

What is another name for a joint? And what is the definition of a joint?

Answer 1

Articulation

Where two or more bones are joined together by connective tissue

Question 2

An immovable joint is called _____________

Answer 2

Synarthrosis

Question 3

A slightly movable joint is called __________

Answer 3

Amphiarthrosis

Question 4

A freely moveable joint is called ________

Answer 4

Diarthrosis

Question 5

What joint is classified by bones connecting via cartilage (hyaline or fibrocartilage) and do not move at all or very slight movement?

Answer 5

Cartilaginous joints

Question 6

What type of joint is classified when bones connect via dense irregular connective tissue and are usually immovable to slightly movable

Answer 6

Fibrous joints

Question 7

What are synovial joints

Answer 7

Ned bones involved are enveloped in a joint capsule containing synovial fluid for lubrication

Some have cartilage “meniscus” within the joint

These joints range from slightly moveable to freely moveable

Question 8

The more stable a joint, the _______ movement it has

The less stable the joint, the ______ movement it has

Answer 8

Less

More

Question 9

What are the 3 types of fibrous joints?

Answer 9

Sutures

Syndesmoses

Interosseous membranes (often also considered syndesmosis

Question 10

Suture are immovable such as ____________ in older people, or slightly moveable such as _________ in infants and children

Answer 10

Synarthroses

Amphiarthrosis

Question 11

What plays an important role in shock absorption in the skull?

Answer 11

Sutures

Question 12

A _______ is a fibrous joint composed of a thin layer of dense irregular connective tissue

Answer 12

Suture

Question 13

In _________ there is a greater distance between the articulating surfaces and more dense irregular connective tissue than in a suture and provides slight movement (amphiarthrosis)

Answer 13

Syndesmoses

Question 14

What are examples of a syndesmoses joint

Answer 14

Distal tibiofibular joint

Gomphosis (dentoalveolar joint)

Question 15

________ _________ are a sheet of dense irregular connective tissue that binds neighboring long bones and permits slight movement (amphiarthrosis)

Ex: between radius and ulna or between tibia and fibula

Answer 15

Interosseous membrane

Question 16

What are the two types of cartilagenous joints?

Answer 16

Synchondrosis

Symphysis

Question 17

__________ is an immovable joint where hyaline cartilage is connecting cartilage between the two articular surfaces

Answer 17

Synchondrosis

Question 18

The epiphyseal (growth) playe that connects the epiphysis and the diaphysis of a growing bone and

the joint between the first rib and the manubrium of the sternum

Are examples of what type of cartilaginous joint?

Answer 18

Synchondrosis

Question 19

_________ is a cartilaginous joint in which the ends of the articulating bones are covered with hyaline cartilage BUT a broad, flat disc of FIBROCARTILAGE connects the bones

Answer 19

Symphysis

Question 20

All symphyses occur in the _________ of the body. What are some examples?

Answer 20

Midline

Pubic symphysis btwn the hip bones

Btwn the manubrium and body of the sternum

The intervertebral joints

Question 21

What is the general structure of synovial joints?

Answer 21

Articular cartilage (hyaline)

Synovial membrane

Joint capsule

Question 22

What is the function of articular cartilage in synovial joints and what is the type of cartilage involved?

Answer 22

It helps absorb shock and reduces friction between bones during movement

Hyaline cartilage covers the articulating surfaces of bones with a smooth,slippery surface but does not bind them together

Question 23

Explain the synovial membrane in synovial joints

Answer 23

The inner layer of the articular capsule

Composed of areolar connective tissue with elastic fibers

It includes articular fat pads (pad in the knee)

Secretes synovial fluid

Question 24

______ surrounds a synovial joint, encloses the synovial cavity and unites the articulating bones

Answer 24

Joint capsule

Question 25

What is a joint capsule composed of

Answer 25

Two layers, an outer fibrous membrane and an inner synovial membrane e

Question 26

A ______ _______ permits considerable movement at a joint

Answer 26

Joint capsule

Question 27

In the ______ _______ fibers of some fibrous membranes are arranged as parallel bundles of dense regular connective tissue. The strength of these fiber bundles called ______

Answer 27

Joint capsule Ligament

Question 28

_____ _________ associated with some synovial joints are crescent shaped pads of fibrocartilage lie between the articular surfaces of the bones and are attached to the fibrous capsule such as the knee joint

Answer 28

Articular discs (meniscus)

Question 29

_______ subdivides the synovial cavity into two spaces, allowing separate movements to occur in each space

Answer 29

Articular discs (meniscus)

Question 30

What are the funcitons of the articular discs (menisci)

Answer 30

Shock absorption Providing adaptable surfaces for combined movements Weight distribution Distribution of synovial fluid

Question 31

What connect bone to bone and are associated with some synovial joints

Answer 31

Ligaments

Question 32

___________ are the principal mechanical factors that hold bones close together in a synovial joint.

Answer 32

Ligaments

Question 33

Explain sutures

Answer 33

Fibrous joint composed of a thin layer of dense irregular connective tissue Occur between the bones of the skull

Question 34

Sutures are ________ in older people or ________ in children

Answer 34

Synarthroses Amphiarthrosis

Question 35

Sutures play what important role in the skull?

Answer 35

Shock absorption

Question 36

In _______ there is a greater distance between the articulating surfaces and more dense irregular connective tissue than in a suture

Answer 36

Syndesmoses

Question 37

Syndesmoses permits slight movement (____________)

Answer 37

Amphiarthrosis

Question 38

___________ _________ sheet of dense irregular tissue that binds neighboring long bones and permits slight movement (amphiarthrosis)

Answer 38

Interosseous membrane

Question 39

What are examples of syndesmoses?

Answer 39

Distal tibiofibular joint and gomphosis

Question 40

Stop letting those people touch that cadavers hand What is the distal row? What si the Proximal row?

Answer 40

Trapezium, trapezoid, capitate and hamate | Scaphoid lunate triquetrum pisiform

Question 41

What are the types of cartilaginous joints?

Answer 41

Synchondrosis and symphysis

Question 42

Is synchondrosis movable or immovable?

Answer 42

Immovable joint

Question 43

What type of cartilage is involved in a synchondrosis? And what are examples of a synchondrosis cartilaginous joint?

Answer 43

Hyaline cartilage Epiphyseal plate or the first rib and the manubrium

Question 44

________ is a cartilaginous joint in which the ends of the articulating bones are covered with hyaline cartilage but a broad flat disc of fibrocartilage connects the bones

Answer 44

Symphysis

Question 45

All symphyses occur at the _________ of the body

Answer 45

Midline

Question 46

What are examples of symphyses

Answer 46

Pubic symphysis | Manubrium and body of the sternum and the intervertebral joints

Question 47

What is the general structure of synovial joints?

Answer 47

``` Articular cartilage (hyaline cartilage) Synovial membrane Joint capsule ```

Question 48

In synovial joints, what is the synovial membrane composed of and what does it secrete and where is it located?

Answer 48

Located in the inner layer of the articular capsule Composed of connective tissue with elastic fibers Secretes synovial fluid Includes accumulation of adipose tissue

Question 49

_______ surrounds a synovial joint, encloses the synovial cavity and unites the articulating bones

Answer 49

Joint capsule

Question 50

What are the two layers of a joint capsule? And what does a joint capsule permit?

Answer 50

Composed of an outer fibrous membrane and inner synovial membrane Permits considerable movement at a joint

Question 51

other structures associated with some synovial membranes are articular discs, what are articular discs?

Answer 51

Crescent shaped pads of fibrocartilage lie between the articular surfaces of the bones and are attached to the fibrous capsule at the knee joint

Question 52

_________ ________ divide the synovial cavity into two spaces allowing movements to occur in each space

Answer 52

Articular discs

Question 53

What are the 4 functions of articular discs?

Answer 53

Shock absorption Providing adaptable surfaces for combined movements Weight distribution Distribution of synovial fluid

Question 54

What do ligaments connect?

Answer 54

Bone to bone

Question 55

________ are the principal factors that hold bones close together in a synovial joint

Answer 55

Ligaments

Question 56

What are the two types of ligaments?

Answer 56

Intracapsular Extracapsular

Question 57

_________ ligaments are within the articular capsule but outside the synovial cavity (Ex: anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments of the knee joint)

Answer 57

Intracapsular

Question 58

___________ ligaments lie outside the articular capsule such as fibular and tibial collateral ligaments of the knee joint

Answer 58

Extracapsular

Question 59

_________ ______ are tubelike bursae surrounded around tendons that subjected for considerable friction

Answer 59

Tendon sheath

Question 60

What is used to alleviate friction in some joints such as the shoulder and the knee?

Answer 60

Bursa

Question 61

________ is the synovial membrane and accumulations of adipose tissue in the synovial joints

Answer 61

Articular fat pad

Question 62

There are six types of joints based on movements. _________ joints have articulating surfaces that are flat or slightly curves and primarily permit back and forth and side to side movements between the surfaces of bones

Answer 62

Plane joints

Question 63

Many _______ joints are biaxial and permit movement in two axes

Answer 63

Plane joints

Question 64

Some plane joints that are triaxial are?

Answer 64

Intercarpal joints Intertarsal joints Sternoclavicualr joints

Question 65

________ joints have convex surface of bone bone fits onto concave surface of another bone

Answer 65

Hinge joints

Question 66

_______ joints are unixaial because they only allow motion around a single axis

Answer 66

Hinge joints

Question 67

_______ joints permit only flexion and extension

Answer 67

Hinge joints

Question 68

Knee, elbow, ankle and interphalangeal joints are examples of ________ joints

Answer 68

Hinge

Question 69

_______ joints pointed surface of one bone articualtes with a ring formed partly by another bone and partly by a ligament

Answer 69

Pivot joints

Question 70

Atlanto-axial joints and radioulnar joints are examples of ______ joints

Answer 70

Pivot

Question 71

_________ joints, the convex oval-shaped projection of one bone fits into the oval shaped depression of another bone

Answer 71

Condyloid (ellipsoidal) joint

Question 72

Condyloid joints allow ________ movement because it permits movement around 2 axes flexion and extension and adduction Abduction

Answer 72

Bixial

Question 73

Radiocarpal (wrist) and metacarpophalangeal joints are examples of what joints?

Answer 73

Condyloid joints

Question 74

________ joints, one bone shaped like a saddle, the other bone like a rider

Answer 74

Saddle joint

Question 75

_______ joints have biaxial movement similar to a condyloid joint where it allows for flexion-extension and adduction-abduction

Answer 75

Saddle joints

Question 76

carpmetacarpal joint between the trapezium and metacarpal of the thumb is an example of a ________ joint

Answer 76

Saddle joint

Question 77

__________ joints consist of the ball-like surface of one bone fitting into a cup-like depression of another bone

Answer 77

Ball and socket joint `

Question 78

Ball and socket joints allow movement in what three axes?

Answer 78

Flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, and rotation

Question 79

Shoulder and hip joints are examples of ________ joints

Answer 79

Ball and socket

Question 80

What are the 3 axes of movement?

Answer 80

Uniaxial Biaxial Triaxial

Question 81

Uniaxial moves in what directions and what is an example?

Answer 81

Moves back and forth in one plane Example are joints that only do flexion and extension

Question 82

What is biaxial movement?

Answer 82

Moves in two plane Ex: can do flexion and extension and abduction/adduction

Question 83

What is triaxial movement?

Answer 83

Moves in all 3 planes can do flexion/extension, Abduction/adduction, and rotation

Question 84

What allows or restricts a particular range of motion?

Answer 84

Shape of articulating bones Ligaments that hold bone together

Question 85

______ joints are two flat surfaces sliding past each other

Answer 85

Gliding

Question 86

Flexion- _______ in angle of a joint | Extension _____ in angle of a joint _______

Answer 86

Decrease in angle of a joint Increase in angle of a joint back to anatomical position

Question 87

_________ ______ - flexion in the coronal plane | ____________- a continuation of extension or more commonly extreme or abnormal extension or extension injury

Answer 87

Lateral flexion Hyperextension

Question 88

Abduction vs adduction

Answer 88

Abduction- movement way from the midline | Adduction- movement toward the midline

Question 89

____________ circular movement

Answer 89

Circumduction

Question 90

In ______ a bone revolves along its own longitudinal axis

Answer 90

Rotational

Question 91

What is an example of R,L rotation?

Answer 91

Atlantoaxial joint

Question 92

Elevation- ________ Depression- ________ Protraction -________ Retraction-_______

Answer 92

Upward motion Downward motion Jutting forward Pulling backwards

Question 93

Inversion- _____ Eversion-_______ Supination-________ Pronation-_______

Answer 93

Move sole medially Move sole laterally Turning palm anteriorly Turning palm superiorly

Question 94

Dorsi flexion- _________ plantar flexion-________ Opposition-________

Answer 94

Flexion at ankle Extension at ankle Move thumb across palm