Articulations

Question 0

Increased joint stability occurs at the expense of what?

Answer 0

Mobility

Question 1

An articulation is another word for ______.

Answer 1

Joint

Question 2

What two ways can joints be classified?

Answer 2

Function and structure

Question 3

What are the three types of joints based on function?

Answer 3

1. Synarthrosis - immobile
2. Amphiarthrosis - slightly mobile
3. Diarthrosis - freely mobile

Question 4

What are the three types of joints based on structure?

Answer 4

1. Fibrous - dense regular connective tissue
2. Cartilaginous - cartilage
3. Synovial - has a fluid filled joint cavity

Question 5

Give an example of a fibrous joint?

Answer 5

Suture, gomphosis, syndesmosis (interosseous membrane)

Question 6

Give an example of a cartilaginous joint?

Answer 6

Pubic symphysis, intervertebral disc articulations

Question 7

Give an example of a synovial joint?

Answer 7

Glenohumeral joint, elbow joint, intercarpal joints

Question 8

Cartilaginous joints have a pad of cartilage wedged between bones. What is the name of an immobile cartilaginous joint? A slighly mobile one?

Answer 8

Sychrondrosis; symphysis

Question 9

What are the five structural characteristics of a synovial joint?

Answer 9

1. Articular capsule - double layer that surround the entire joint
2. Joint cavity - a physical space separating the two articulating bones filled with synovial fluid
3. Synovial fluid - fluid inside the joint cavity
4. Articular cartilage - lining the appositional surface of articulating bones
5. Ligaments, nerves and blood vessels.

Question 10

What are the two layers of an articular capsule?

Answer 10

Fibrous layer and synovial membrane

Question 11

The synovial membrane secretes a viscous, oily fluid called _______.

Answer 11

Synovial fluid

Question 12

What are three functions of synovial fluid?

Answer 12

1. Lubricate the articular cartilage
2. Provide nourishment to the articular cartilage
3. Act as a shock absorber

Question 13

What do ligaments connect?

Answer 13

Bone to bone

Question 14

What is the function of a ligament in a synovial joint?

Answer 14

To strengthen and reinforce the synovial membranes

Question 15

What are two types of synovila fluid-filled structures that reduce friction where ligaments, muscles bones and tendons rub together?

Answer 15

Bursae and tendon sheaths

Question 16

What is a bursae?

Answer 16

A sac-like structure found around the outside of most synovial membranes.

Question 17

What is a tendon sheath?

Answer 17

Elongated bursa wrapped around a tendon, particularly found in confined areas like the wrist and hands.

Question 18

What are the six types of synovial joints?

Answer 18

1. Plane joint - carpals
2. Hinge joint - elbow
3. Pivot joint - c1, c2
4. Condylar joint - metacarpals
5. Saddle joint - base of the thumb
6. Ball-and-socket joint - shoulder

Question 19

What are the four possible types of motion at synovial joints?

Answer 19

1. Gliding
2. Angular
3. Rotational
4. Special - inversion/eversion of the foot

Question 20

What is the largest and most complex diathrosis in the body?

Answer 20

The knee joint

Question 21

What kind of diarthrosis joint is the knee?

Answer 21

Hinge joint

Question 22

What are the six structural characteristics of a knee joint?

Answer 22

1. Patellar ligament
2. Fibular (lateral) collateral ligament
3. Tibial (medial) collateral ligament
4. Lateral and medial menisci
5. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
6. Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

Question 23

Describe the glenohumeral joint.

Answer 23

Diarthrosis, ball-and-socket joint between the head of the humerus and the glenoid cavity of the scapula

Question 24

Describe the temporalmandibular joint?

Answer 24

Diarthrosis, hinge joint between the head (condyle) of the mandible and the temporal bone of the skull.

Question 25

The temporalmandibular joint is really _____ synovial joints.

Answer 25

Two

Question 26

The temporalmandibular joint contains an ___________ which is a thick pad of fibrocartilage separating the articulating bones and extending horizontally to divide the joint cavity into two distinct chambers.

Answer 26

Articular disc