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Reproductive System > Artificial Reproduction Techniques > Flashcards

Artificial Reproduction Techniques Flashcards

1
Q

what is ovarian stimulation

A
  • stimulation of ovaries to produce oocytes
  • and prevention of premature ovulation
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2
Q

how is ovarian stimulation done

A
  • injections of FSH to increase oocyte production (multiple oocytes at once instead of just one)
  • ## start on day 2 of cycle, take onwards
  • (still injecting FSH)
  • from day 6 onwards
  • injections of an antagonist to reduce LH release that triggers ovulation -> delay ovulation
  • ## allowing recruitment of multiple oocytes during an IVF cycleie/ making extra eggs using FSH, but not releasing those eggs
  • taking both (antagonist from day 6) for up to 2 weeks
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3
Q

[ovarian stimulation] how do we monitor follicles growing in overly stimulated ovaries - utilise 2 ways together

A
  • ultrasound scanning: follicle number and size measured in each ovary
  • bloods (hormone levels): oestrogen and progesterone monitored every 2 days from day 8
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4
Q

[ovarian stimulation] what does monitoring the follicles allow us to know and do

A
  • know if patient is ready for oocyte retrieval
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5
Q

what is given for oocyte retrieval

A
  • trigger injection hCG given to release oocytes
    (note: hCG detected by LH receptors; used in assisted reproduction to trigger ovulation)
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6
Q

in oocyte retrieval, what monitoring reports are expected to schedule for egg pick up

A
  • once follicles developed to correct size
  • bloods corresponding with cycle
  • patients scheduled for theatre
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7
Q

in oocyte retrieval, when are eggs collected & how are they collected

A
  • eggs collected 36hrs post hCG
  • eggs collected transvaginally with ultrasound guidance
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8
Q

what happens to collected eggs after procedure in oocyte retrieval

A
  • oocytes stored in warming incubator
  • mimics their developmental env in vivo
  • number of collected oocytes are counted (from the aspirated follicles)
  • then oocytes given to IVF lab (if far, transported in incubator)
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9
Q

while oocytes being collected (ovarian stimulation + oocyte retrieval) what other sample needs to be prepared

A
  • sperm sample
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10
Q

what happens at Specialised Andrology facility

A
  • semen sample received and prepared within strict timeframe
  • there are different sperm preparation methods
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11
Q

why is sperm sample prepared in a strict timeframe

A

to ensure best possible sperm quality (mainly sperm concentration, sperm motility)

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12
Q

what do use of varied sperm preparation methods depend on

A

sperm preparation method based on:
- initial sperm concentration and sperm motility parameters which are measured
- insemination method

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13
Q

[sperm sample preparation] if there is none - little amount of sperm in ejaculate, what can be done?

A
  • Surgical Sperm Retrieval (SSR)
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14
Q

how many types of Surgical Sperm Retrieval (SSR) are there & their names with brief description

A

3 types
- Testicular Sperm Aspiration (TESA): sperm aspirated from testes
- Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration (PESA): sperm aspirated from epididymis
- Testicular Sperm Extraction (TESE / Testicular biopsy): take tissue where sperm can be found from further methods

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15
Q

what are the 2 ways of inseminating eggs

A
  • standard insemination (IVF)
  • intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)
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16
Q

describe standard insemination / IVF method regarding oocytes

A
  • majority of supporting cells (cumulus cells) surrounding oocyte are trimmed from oocytes
  • only leaving a few layers around oocyte as still need supporting cells
17
Q

describe standard insemination / IVF method regarding semen

A
  • sperm sample processed to achieve a certain high motility parameter & diluted to a specific concentration
18
Q

in standard insemination at what point are oocyte and sperm put together

A
  • 4hrs after oocytes been collected
  • prepared sperm placed near oocytes
  • in lab
  • then these dishes (of fluid mimicking in vivo env) placed back into incubator
19
Q

what is main insemination method

A

intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)

20
Q

why is intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) the most common insemination method

A
  • since majority of patients that come in have a semen defect
21
Q

describe intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) regarding oocytes

A
  • 3hrs after oocyte collected, lab will remove all cumulus cells from oocyte
22
Q

describe intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) regarding sperm

A
  • sperm sample processed to ensure sufficient sperm available
23
Q

in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) at what point are oocyte and sperm put together

A
  • 4hrs after oocytes collected
  • egg held in place, one sperm directly injected into egg
  • injected eggs placed in dish (of fluid mimicking in vivo env) and placed into incubator
24
Q

what is embryo selection for transfer based on
is this grading relevant to embyro freezing

A
  • morphology (what it looks like)
  • yes, if good enough to transfer then good enough to freeze
25
Q

what happens during [fresh] embryo transfer

A
  • embryo loaded into very thin catheter by scientist
  • placed into uterus (in certain area of thicker part of uterine lining) by clinician under ultrasound guidance
  • similar process to papsmear
26
Q

when would embryo freezing occur

A
  • if patients have more embryos than they are having transferred (ie/ doing both - fresh embryo transfer & embryo freezing of leftover)
  • or if they not having embryo transfer - option of freezing
27
Q

are any embryos frozen?

A
  • no
  • only frozen if are of suitable quality
28
Q

what are embryos frozen in and why

A
  • one embryo per one straw
  • frozen into high security straws
  • to protect embryo whilst in storage
29
Q

what happens to embryo in embryo freezing / what is the aim of freezing embyros

A
  • aim is to remove water within embryo (dehydrate it) & replace it with cryoprotectant (antifreeze)
  • turning embryo into glass-like state & looks after embryo
  • placed into liquid nitrogen and soted
30
Q

how would you describe the pregnancy rates of frozen embryo transfers to fresh embyro transfers

A

similar

31
Q

what day of culture is usually last day for most IVF clinics

A
  • day 6 (after oocyte and sperm been put together)
32
Q

how long can embryo be stored for after frozen

A
  • as long as you want them
  • or as long as its legal timeframe depending on state / country legislation
33
Q

how is embyro transfer done after embyro freezing

A
  • embyro is thawed
  • embyro is rehydrated
  • perform as uaul

Reproductive System (21 decks)

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