As 2 Halsett et al Flashcards
(18 cards)
What is the aim of the study on toy preferences in monkeys?
To investigate sex differences in toy preferences of monkeys, the influence of socialization processes or biological mechanisms on sex-stereotypical toy choice, and to compare these preferences with human children.
What type of experiment was conducted in the study?
Field experiment with normal tested environments and manipulation of toy introduction.
What was the independent variable in the study?
Gender (male or female) of the rhesus monkeys.
What method was used to collect data in the study?
Structured observation to measure the dependent variable of activities with toys.
What types of subjects were included in the study?
Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) from a multi-male, multi-female social group.
How many animals were excluded from the analyses and why?
Fourteen animals were excluded due to varying hormonal treatments prenatally.
What was the final sample size of subjects analyzed in the study?
23 females and 11 males.
What ethical guidelines were followed in the study?
Subjects were housed with their natal group, provided continuous water, and fed monkey chow supplemented with fruits and vegetables.
What types of toys were used in the study and how were they categorized?
Toys were categorized by specific object properties: wheeled (masculine) and plush (feminine).
List examples of wheeled toys used in the study.
- Wagon
- Truck
- Car
- Construction vehicle
- Shopping cart
- Dump truck
List examples of plush toys used in the study.
- Winnie-the-Pooh
- Raggedy-Ann
- Koala bear hand puppet
- Armadillo
- Teddy bear
- Scooby-Doo
- Turtle
What was the procedure for conducting trials in the study?
Seven 25-minute trials were conducted with toys placed in the outdoor area, and subjects were videotaped interacting with them.
What were the main findings regarding male and female toy preferences?
Males preferred wheeled toys significantly more than females, who did not show a significant preference for either category.
What statistical analysis was used to compare frequencies of interaction by age?
One-way ANOVAs.
True or False: There were significant age differences in toy preference among male monkeys.
False.
What conclusion did the study reach regarding toy preference in rhesus monkeys?
Toy preference reflects behavioral and cognitive biases influenced by hormones and social pressures, leading to observable sex differences.
Fill in the blank: Human toys capitalize on _______ in different activities, creating a gendered toy market.
[sex differences]
According to the study, what influences childhood object choice?
Biologically based sex differences in activity preferences significantly influence sex differences in childhood object choice.
