AS organic reactions Flashcards
Combustion of alkenes/ alkanes
product always CO2 and H2O and burnt in oxygen
What is cracking
Breaking down larger less useful alkanes to more useful shorter chain hydrocarbons
Reagents and conditions for Alkane to Halogenoalkane
Free radical substitution
Halogen
UV light
Reagents and conditions for Alkenes to Alcohol
Electrophilic addition
Steam (H2O) and heat
Dilute phosphoric acid
Why is secondary alcohol favoured in being produced in electrophilic addition?
Secondary carbocation intermediate is more stable than a primary carbocation intermediate
Alkene to halogenoalkane
Electrophilic addition with Hydrogen Halide
Room temperature needed
How can a Br2 molecule react with an alkene if it’s non polar?
Br2 molecule was induced by the alkene
Alkene to Alkane
Addition reaction hydrogenation
Requires nickel catalyst and heat
Alkene to diol conditions and reagents
use cold dilute acidified potassium manganate
slightly oxidise
Why can’t LiAlH4 reduced alkenes?
The hydride ion will be repelled by the high density of electrons in the double bond
what is meant by the term oxidation in organic chemistry
whenever a carbon forms a bond with a more electronegative element
Chlorination of alcohols reagents and conditions for primary and secondary alcohols
PCl5- room temperature Phosphorous (V) chloride is very vigorous
inorganic products of chlorination with primary and secondary alcohols
POCl3 and HCl
Chlorination of tertiary alcohols reagents and conditions
shake tertiary alcohol with concentrated hydrochloric acid
Conditions and reagents of bromination of alcohols
gently warm alcohol with 50% sulphuric acid and KBr
